Structural and electrical properties of Ba(Sb(1/2)Nb(1/2))O(3) ceramic

Lead-free perovskite Ba(Sb(1/2)Nb(1/2))O(3) was prepared by conventional ceramic fabrication technique at 1200 A degrees C/5 h in air atmosphere. The crystal symmetry, space group and unit cell dimensions were determined from the experimental results using FullProf software whereas crystallite size and lattice strain were estimated from Williamson-Hall approach. XRD analysis of the compound indicated the formation of a single-phase monoclinic structure with the space group P2/m. EDAX and SEM studies were carried out to evaluate the quality and purity of the compound. Dielectric study revealed the frequency-dependent dielectric anomaly. To find a correlation between the response of the real system and idealized model circuit composed of discrete electrical components, the model fittings were presented using the impedance data. Complex impedance analyses suggested the dielectric relaxation to be of non-Debye type. The correlated barrier hopping model was employed to successfully explain the mechanism of charge transport in Ba(Sb(1/2)Nb(1/2))O(3). The ac conductivity data were used to evaluate the density of states at Fermi level, minimum hopping length and apparent activation energy of the compound

Structural and electrical properties of lead-free perovskite ceramic: Ba(In(1/2)Nb(1/2))O(3)

Lead-free perovskite Ba(In(1/2)Nb(1/2))O(3) was prepared by conventional ceramic fabrication technique at 1350 degrees C/5 h in air atmosphere. The crystal symmetry, space group and unit cell dimensions were determined from Rietveld analysis using FullProf software whereas crystallite size and lattice strain were estimated from Williamson-Hall approach. XRD analysis of the compound indicated the formation of a single-phase cubic structure with the space group Pm3m. EDAX and SEM studies were carried out in order to evaluate the quality and purity of the compound. Complex impedance as well as electric modulus analyses suggested the dielectric relaxation to be of non-Debye type. The correlated barrier hopping (CBH) model was employed to successfully explain the mechanism of charge transport in Ba(In(1/2)Nb(1/2))O(3). (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on anti-microbial resistance and secondary microbial infections

Corona Virus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) has become one of the most serious diseases in the history of mankind. It has captured the entire world and solutions are yet to be discovered to fight this global crisis. The outcomes of COVID-19 are influenced by a variety of pre-existing factors. The secondary microbial infections are one of the prominent ones that are major contributors for Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) as they warrant the use of antimicrobial medications. The present review aimed at exploring the potential relationship between AMR under such circumstances and COVID-19 related outcomes. The published literature across the globe has delineated that the impact of COVID-19 may have worsened by a great degree due to the presence of secondary infections majorly bacterial ones. The consequences of COVID-19 have been fatal and a significant proportion can be a major attributor to AMR, either directly or indirectly. Although, there is a dearth of studies that can establish a very strong and direct relationship between AMR and negative COVID-19 outcomes so in-depth research on this topic is required to further explain this relationship in detail.&nbsp

Dielectric relaxation in Ba(Y1/2Nb1/2)O-3-BaTiO3 ceramics

Lead-free (1 - x)Ba(Y1/2Nb1/2)O-3-xBaTiO(3); (0 <= x <= 1) ceramics have been synthesized using solid-state reaction method and characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, dielectric and impedance studies. The crystal-structure of the compounds is found to be cubic with the space group Pm3m(221) except for BaTiO3 for which it is tetragonal (P4/mmm). Complex impedance spectroscopy analysis indicated the presence of non-Debye type dielectric relaxation in Ba(Y1/2Nb1/2)O-3-BaTiO3 system. Compound 0.25Ba(Y1/2Nb1/2)O-3-0.75BaTiO(3) exhibited a low value of temperature coefficient of capacitance (<+/- 8 %) in the working temperature range (up to + 100 degrees C), room temperature dielectric constant equal to 295 and low loss tangent (0.039) which meets the specifications for "Z5F" of Class I dielectrics of Electronic Industries Association. Hence, this composition might be a suitable candidate for capacitor applications. Ac conductivity and electric modulus studies supported the hopping type of conduction in the system and frequency dependent ac conductivity data obeyed Jonscher's power law

Electrical properties of BaY(0.5)Nb(0.5)O(3) ceramic: Impedance spectroscopy analysis

Lead-free perovskite BaY(0.5)Nb(0.5)O(3) was prepared by conventional ceramic technique at 1375 degrees C/7 h in air atmosphere. The crystal symmetry, space group and unit cell dimensions were derived from the experimental results using FullProf software. XRD analysis of the compound indicated the formation of a single-phase cubic structure with the space group Pm (3) over barm. EDAX, X-ray mapping and SEM studies were carried to study the quality and purity of the compound. Complex impedance analyses suggested the dielectric relaxation to be of non-Debye type. To find a correlation between the response of the real system and idealized model circuit composed of discrete electrical components, the model fittings were presented using the impedance data. Electric modulus studies supported the hopping type of conduction in BaY(0.5)Nb(0.5)O(3). The correlated barrier hopping model was employed to successfully explain the mechanism of charge transport in BaY(0.5)Nb(0.5)O(3). The ac conductivity data were used to evaluate the density of states at Fermi level, minimum hopping length and apparent activation energy of the compound.

Structural and electrical properties of lead free ceramic: Ba(La(1/2)Nb(1/2))O(3)

Lead free perovskite Ba(La(1/2)Nb(1/2))O(3) was prepared by conventional ceramic fabrication technique at 1375 degrees C for 7 h in air atmosphere. The crystal symmetry, space group and unit cell dimensions were estimated using Rietveld analysis. X-ray diffraction analysis indicated the formation of a single phase monoclinic structure with space group P2/m. Energy dispersive X-ray analysis and scanning electron microscopy studies were carried to study the quality and purity of the compound. Permittivity data showed low temperature coefficient of capacitance (T(CC)=11%) up to 100 degrees C. The circuit model fittings were carried out using the impedance data to find the correlation between the response of real system and idealised model electrical circuit. Complex impedance analyses suggested the dielectric relaxation to be of non-Debye type. The correlated barrier hopping model was employed to successfully explain the mechanism of charge transport in Ba(La(1/2)Nb(1/2))O(3). The AC conductivity data were used to evaluate the density of states at Fermi level, minimum hopping length and apparent activation energy