68 research outputs found
CaractĂ©risation Physico-Chimique Des Eaux De Surface Dans Un Environnement Minier Du Centre-Ouest De La CĂŽte dâIvoire : Cas Du DĂ©partement De Divo
Les ressources en eaux de surface du dĂ©partement de Divo sont soumises Ă de fortes pressions anthropiques suscitĂ©es par le dĂ©veloppement. Pour ce faire, cette Ă©tude a Ă©tĂ© initiĂ©e pour dĂ©terminer les caractĂ©ristiques physico-chimiques des eaux du dĂ©partement et celles situĂ©es Ă proximitĂ© des sites miniers. A cet effet, treize paramĂštres physicochimiques ont Ă©tĂ© Ă©tudiĂ©s. Ce sont les ions majeurs (Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ , Na+ , K + , Cl - , SO4 2- , HCO3 - ), pH, Eh, tempĂ©rature, turbiditĂ©, conductivitĂ© Ă©lectrique (EC) et NO3 - . Les ions analysĂ©s et les paramĂštres de terrain ont Ă©tĂ© comparĂ©s aux normes des eaux brutes. Les rĂ©sultats ont Ă©tĂ© traitĂ©s dâune part Ă lâaide de la mĂ©thode hydrochimique (diagramme de piper) pour dĂ©terminer la typologie des eaux et dâautre part Ă lâaide de lâanalyse statistique multivariĂ©e (lâAnalyses en Composantes Principales NormĂ©e (ACPN)), pour mettre en Ă©vidence lâorigine de la minĂ©ralisation des eaux. Les rĂ©sultats montrent que la plupart des eaux sont voisines de la neutralitĂ©. Les concentrations en nitrates sont parfois Ă©levĂ©es, elles ont pour valeur maximale 164,8 mg/l. Les eaux sont moyennement minĂ©ralisĂ©es avec une conductivitĂ© moyenne de 608,4 S/cm. Les eaux Ă proximitĂ© des sites dâexploitation industriels sont les plus minĂ©ralisĂ©es. Ces eaux sont fortement caractĂ©risĂ©es par un hydrofaciĂšs de type chlorurĂ© calcique et magnĂ©sien. Les phĂ©nomĂšnes Ă lâorigine de la minĂ©ralisation des eaux de Divo sont essentiellement liĂ©s Ă lâagriculture et aux rejets urbains. Cette Ă©tude nous a permis de caractĂ©riser les paramĂštres physico-chimiques des eaux de surface du dĂ©partement. Une Ă©tude plus dĂ©taillĂ©e doit ĂȘtre rĂ©alisĂ©e afin de caractĂ©riser avec prĂ©cision lâorigine de la minĂ©ralisation des eaux.
The surface water resources of Divoâs department are subjected to strong anthropic pressures caused by the development. With this intention, this study was initiated to determine the physicochemical characteristics of water of the department and those located near the sites mines. To this end, thirteen physicochemical parameters were studied. These are the major ions (Ca 2+ , Mg2+ , Na + , K + , Cl - , SO4 2- , HCO3 - ), pH, Eh, temperature, turbidity, electrical conductivity (EC) and NO3 - . The analyzed ions and the field parameters were compared with the standards raw water. The results were treated on the one hand using the hydrochemic method (diagram of piper) to determine the typology of water and on the other hand using the multivariate statistical analysis (Normed Principal component Analysis (NPCA) to underline the origin of the mineralization of water. The results show that most of the waters are close to neutrality. The nitrate concentrations are sometimes high, they have as a maximum value 164.8 mg/l. water is moderately mineralized with an average conductivity of 608.4 ”S/cm. water near the mining sites is the most mineralized. This water is strongly characterized by a hydrofacies of the calcic and magnesian chlorinated type. The phenomena behind the mineralization of water of Divo are mainly linked to agriculture and urban rejections. This study enabled us to characterize the physicochemical parameters of surface water of the department. A more detailed study must be carried out in order to characterize precisely the origin of the mineralization of water
Les Anohou dans lâespace MorofouĂ© : Peuplement et Ă©volution politique XVIIIe-XXe siĂšcle
Cet article retrace les grandes Ă©tapes de la formation de la chefferie Anohou du Moronou. Câest vers la fin du XVIIIĂšme siĂšcle quâune partie de la population de lâAno quittent leur terre et vinrent sâinstaller sur le territoire MorofouĂ©[i]. La principale raison de leur migration est dâordre Ă©conomique. Ces Ano decidaient de prendre par Ă lâexploitation de lâimmense ressource aurifĂšre de la rĂ©gion. Lâindependance de toutes les familles MorofouĂ© engendrĂ©e par la dislocation du royaume du Moronou favorisa lâimplantation des nouveaux arrivants. Dans sa politique dâorganisation territoriale, lâadministration coloniale va succiter la naissance de la chefferie Anohou par le choix de ses chefs Ă la tĂȘte du canton SahiĂ©. La formation de la chefferie Anohou entraina aussi une modification de lâespace politique MorofouĂ©.[i]- Nom utilisĂ© pour designer les populations du Moronou. Les migrants qui avaient fui la Gold coast, sâĂ©taient regroupĂ©s autour du lac moro dâoĂč le peuple tire son nom
Economic and environmental strategies for process design
This paper first addresses the definition of various objectives involved in eco-efficient processes, taking simultaneously into account ecological and economic considerations. The environmental aspect at the preliminary design phase of chemical processes is quantified by using a set of metrics or indicators following the guidelines of sustainability concepts proposed by . The resulting multiobjective problem is solved by a genetic algorithm following an improved variant of the so-called NSGA II algorithm. A key point for evaluating environmental burdens is the use of the package ARIANEâą, a decision support tool dedicated to the management of plants utilities (steam, electricity, hot water, etc.) and pollutants (CO2, SO2, NO, etc.), implemented here both to compute the primary energy requirements of the process and to quantify its pollutant emissions. The well-known benchmark process for hydrodealkylation (HDA) of toluene to produce benzene, revisited here in a multiobjective optimization way, is used to illustrate the approach for finding eco-friendly and cost-effective designs. Preliminary biobjective studies are carried out for eliminating redundant environmental objectives. The trade-off between economic and environmental objectives is illustrated through Pareto curves. In order to aid decision making among the various alternatives that can be generated after this step, a synthetic evaluation method, based on the so-called Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) (), has been first used. Another simple procedure named FUCA has also been implemented and shown its efficiency vs. TOPSIS. Two scenarios are studied; in the former, the goal is to find the best trade-off between economic and ecological aspects while the latter case aims at defining the best compromise between economic and more strict environmental impact
Une analyse empirique des dĂ©terminants du risque de liquiditĂ© des sukuk sur le marchĂ© financier rĂ©gional de lâUMOA
LâĂ©tude sâintĂ©resse aux sukuk, titres financiers islamiques assimilables Ă des titres de crĂ©ance adossĂ©s Ă des actifs tangibles contrairement aux titres de crĂ©ances classiques. En tenant compte de sa conceptualisation diffĂ©rente et de sa cohabitation avec les obligations classiques, la prĂ©sente Ă©tude se donne pour objectif dâanalyser les facteurs explicatifs du risque de liquiditĂ© des sukuk. Les donnĂ©es de lâĂ©tude sont relatives aux sukuk Ă©mis sur le marchĂ© obligataire de la BRVM allant de 2017 Ă 2022. Lâanalyse de la relation et du lien de causalitĂ© entre le risque de liquiditĂ©, le rendement et le volume de transaction des sukuk, a Ă©tĂ© menĂ©e par lâutilisation du modĂšle VAR et du test de causalitĂ© de Granger. Les rĂ©sultats de lâĂ©tude montrent un lien dâinterdĂ©pendance entre les variables Ă©tudiĂ©es. Les risques de liquiditĂ© et les rendements des sukuk des trois pays Ă©metteurs de lâUMOA, ont des effets Ă court terme sur leurs volumes de transaction. Il existe par ailleurs des liens de causalitĂ© entre les rendements, le volume de transaction et le risque de liquiditĂ© des sukuk
Evaluation de la Contamination Chimique des Eaux Souterraines par les Activités Anthropiques : Cas de la Zone d'Ity-Floleu Sous-Préfecture de Zouan- Hounien, Ouest de la CÎte d'Ivoire
Lâobjectif de cette Ă©tude vise Ă Ă©valuer la qualitĂ© saisonniĂšre des eaux souterraines afin dâexpliquer lâorigine de leur pollution dans le dĂ©partement Zouan-Hounien. Les paramĂštres physico-chimiques in situ (tempĂ©rature, conductivitĂ©, total des sels dissous, salinitĂ©, pH, potentiel redox, turbiditĂ© et oxygĂšne dissous), les concentrations en Ă©lĂ©ments nutritifs (NO3-, NO2-, NH4+, PO43-, SO42-), majeurs (Ca, Fe, K, Mg, Mn et Na) et traces (As, Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb et Zn) ont Ă©tĂ© mesurĂ©s sur deux annĂ©es successives. Les analyses physico-chimiques faites avec un multiparamĂštre montrent que les eaux sont acides avec un pH moyen de 4,96 en saison sĂšche et de 4,14 en saison pluvieuse; la conductivitĂ© Ă©lectrique moyenne est de 78,14 ÎŒS.cm-1 en saison sĂšche et 48,43 ÎŒS.cm-1 en saison pluvieuse. La turbiditĂ© avec une valeur moyenne de 4,14 NTU en saison sĂšche et de 29 NTU en saison pluvieuse affecte beaucoup la qualitĂ© de ces eaux de consommation surtout en saison pluvieuse. Les teneurs en nitrates dans toutes les stations ne respectent pas les normes OMS en toute saison et celles des phosphates pendant la saison sĂšche. Les concentrations de Fe et du Pb sont gĂ©nĂ©ralement supĂ©rieures aux normes OMS alors que celles des autres Ă©lĂ©ments le sont parfois. Le calcul de lâindice de qualitĂ© (WQI) a montrĂ© que pendant la saison sĂšche 85,7% des eaux Ă©tudiĂ©es sont impropre Ă la boisson et pendant la saison pluvieuse 28,6%. Les analyses en Classification HiĂ©rarchique Ascendante (CHA) et en composante principale (ACP) montrent que la pollution est due aux activitĂ©s anthropiques.
The objective of this study is to assess the seasonal quality of groundwater in order to explain the origin of its pollution in the Zouan- Hounien department. In-situ physico-chemical parameters (temperature, conductivity, total dissolved salts, salinity, pH, redox potential, turbidity and dissolved oxygen), nutrient concentrations (NO3 - , NO2 -, NH4 +, PO4 3-, SO4 2-), major (Ca, Fe, K, Mg, Mn and Na) and traces (As, Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn) were measured over two successive years. The physico-chemical analyses made with a multiparameter show that the waters are acidic with an average pH of 4.96 in the dry season and 4.14 in the rainy season; the average electrical conductivity is 78.14 ÎŒS.cm-1 in the dry season and 48.43 ÎŒS.cm-1 in the rainy season. Turbidity with an average value of 4.14 NTU in the dry season and 29 NTU in the wet season greatly affects the quality of this drinking water, especially in the wet season. Nitrate levels in all stations do not meet WHO standards in all seasons and phosphate levels in the dry season. The concentrations of Fe and Pb are generally higher than WHO standards, while those of other elements are sometimes higher. Calculation of the quality index (WQI) showed that during the dry season 85.7% of the water studied is unfit for drinking and during the rainy season 28.6%. The analyses in Ascending Hierarchical Classification (AHC) and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) show that the pollution is due to anthropogenic activities
Analyse De La DiversitĂ© De La ForĂȘt ClassĂ©e dâOrumbo-Boka (Centre De La CĂŽte dâIvoire)
La forĂȘt classĂ©e dâOrumbo-boka comprend de nombreuses espĂšces en son sein. LâĂ©tude dans cette forĂȘt classĂ©e a pour but dâĂ©valuer sa diversitĂ© floristique. Pour atteindre cet objectif, un inventaire a Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ© dans cette forĂȘt. Cet inventaire a consistĂ© en des relevĂ©s de surfaces et des relevĂ©s itinĂ©rants dans tous les biotopes identifiĂ©s et rencontrĂ©s dans cette forĂȘt classĂ©e et dans ses environs. A lâissus de cet inventaire, 281 espĂšces ont Ă©tĂ© recensĂ©es. Ces espĂšces sont rĂ©parties en 195 genres et 72 familles. Les familles les plus fournies en espĂšces sont les Fabaceae, les Malvaceae, les Euphorbiaceae, les Moraceae et les Apocynaceae. A travers lâanalyse de la diversitĂ© dans les biotopes, il en ressort que les forĂȘts secondaire sont plus diversifiĂ©es et abritent plus dâespĂšces que les autres biotopes. Parmi ces espĂšces, 87 espĂšces Ă statut particulier ont Ă©tĂ© dĂ©nombrĂ©es. La prĂ©sence de ces derniĂšres est une raison suffisante pour la prise en compte de ces espaces fragiles.
The classified forest of Orumbo-boka includes many species within it. The purpose of the study in this classified forest is to assess its floristic diversity. To achieve this objective, an inventory was carried out in this forest. This inventory consisted of surface surveys and itinerant surveys for all biotopes identified and encountered in and around this classified forest. From this inventory, 281 species have been identified. These species are divided into 195 genera and 72 families. The most abundant families are the Fabaceae, Malvaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Moraceae and Apocynaceae. Through the analysis of diversity in biotopes, it emerges that secondary forests are more diverse and support more species than other biotopes. Of these species, 87 species of special status were counted. The presence of the latter is a sufficient reason for taking into account these fragile spaces.
 
Phytochimie, activitĂ© antioxydante et toxicitĂ© aiguĂ« de plantes mĂ©dicinales utilisĂ©es contre les sĂ©quelles de lâaccident vasculaire cĂ©rĂ©bral en CĂŽte dâIvoire
Les sĂ©quelles, aprĂšs un accident vasculaire cĂ©rĂ©bral, sont importantes et les patients handicapĂ©s moteurs trĂšs nombreux. La prĂ©sente Ă©tude a pour objectif de dĂ©finir le profil phytochimique des cinq plantes les plus utilisĂ©es pour traiter les sĂ©quelles des AVC en CĂŽte dâIvoire, dâĂ©valuer leur capacitĂ© antioxydante et leur toxicitĂ©. AprĂšs le screening phytochimique, la teneur en phĂ©nols et flavonoĂŻdes ont Ă©tĂ© quantifiĂ©s par la mĂ©thode colorimĂ©trique de Folin-Ciocalteu. LâĂ©valuation quantitative du potentiel antioxydant des extraits a Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ©e in vitro par le test au DPPH (1,1-diphĂ©nyl-2-picryl-hydrazyle). Les tests ont mis en Ă©vidence la prĂ©sence de polyphĂ©nols, de tanins et de flavonoĂŻdes dans tous les extraits aqueux. Ces mĂ©tabolites sont importants dans la prĂ©vention et le traitement des maladies cardio-vasculaires. Les taux les plus Ă©levĂ©s de polyphĂ©nols sont prĂ©sents dans les extraits aqueux dâĂ©corce de tige de Ficus mucuso (83425,29 ÎŒg EAG/g MS) et de rameaux feuillĂ©s de Zizyphus mauritiana (74517,24 ÎŒg EAG/g MS). La plus forte teneur en flavonoĂŻdes a Ă©tĂ© observĂ©e dans lâextrait aqueux de rameaux feuillĂ©s de Ziziphus mauritiana (20,28%). Des capacitĂ©s antioxydantes importantes ont Ă©tĂ© observĂ©es dans les extraits aqueux du mĂ©lange Ă©corces de tige/feuilles de Tamarindus indica (CI50 = 0,1269 mg/ml) et dans lâextrait dâĂ©corce de tige de Ficus mucuso (0,1335 mg/ml). Les tests de toxicitĂ© aigĂŒe montrent que lâextrait aqueux de lâĂ©corce de tige de Ficus mucuso, par voie orale, Ă 5000 mg/kg de pc, est lĂ©gĂšrement toxique chez les souris.Mots clĂ©s : AVC, sĂ©quelles, plantes mĂ©dicinales, phytochimie, toxicitĂ©.
English Title: Phytochemistry, antioxidant activity and acute toxicity of medicinal plants used against the sequelae of stroke in CĂŽte dâIvoireThe sequelae after a stroke are significant and there are many patients with motor disabilities. The purpose of this study is to define the phytochemical profile of the five plants most used to treat the sequelae of stroke in CĂŽte d'Ivoire, to assess their antioxidant capacity and their toxicity. After the phytochemical screening, the content of phenols and flavonoids were quantified by the colorimetric method of Folin-Ciocalteu. The quantitative evaluation of the antioxidant potential of the extracts was carried out in vitro by the DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl) test. The tests revealed the presence of polyphenols, tannins and flavonoids in all the aqueous extracts. These metabolites are important in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease. The highest levels of polyphenols are found in aqueous extracts of stem bark of Ficus mucuso (83425.29 ÎŒg EAG/ g DM) and leafy twigs of Zizyphus mauritiana (74,517.24 ÎŒg EAG / g DM). The highest content of flavonoids was observed in the aqueous extract of leafy twigs of Ziziphus mauritiana (20.28%). Significant antioxidant capacities were observed in the aqueous extracts of the stem bark / leaf mixture of Tamarindus indica (IC50 = 0.1269 mg / ml) and in the extract of the stem bark of Ficus mucuso (0.1335 mg / ml). Acute toxicity tests show that the aqueous extract of the stem bark of Ficus mucuso, taken orally, at 5000 mg / kg bw, is slightly toxic in mice.Keywords: Stroke, sequelae, medicinal plants, phytochemistry, toxicity
ETUDE DU COMPORTEMENT AU REPOS ET DES PREFERENCES TROPHIQUES DE ANOPHELES GAMBIAE DANS LA VILLE DâADZOPE, COTE DâIVOIRE
An entomological follow up, carried out by house resting collection and outdoor resting collections was achieved from June 2006 to September 2008 in Adzope, a town located in South-west CĂŽte dâIvoire, in the forest zone. This study aimed at identifying the origin of the An. gambiae females bloodmeals. In total, 539 mosquitoes were collected, 390 house resting mosquitoes and 149 outdoor resting ones. The mosquitoes collected in the two environments belong to 3 genera: Anopheles (92.5 %), Culex (7.2 %) and Mansonia(0.2 %). An. gambiae was the only anopheles species collected. The study of its resting behavior reveals the existence in Adzope of two populations: endophilic and exophilic. The origin of 60 bloodmeals of this species was identified by the PCR-heteroduplex. In houses, the bloodmeals were collected on humans (97%) and goats (3%). In outdoor shelters, the collection was made on humans (87.5%), birds (3%) and cows (1.5%). The bloodmeals from unknown origins were 1.5%. Actually, the poultry was the host preference for animal-feeding females. An. gambiae presents a high anthropophilic rate and therefore a threat for Adzope population
Complete genome sequence of Ebrios, a novel T7virus isolated from the Ebrie Lagoon in Abidjan, CĂŽte dâIvoire
The lytic Escherichia coli phage Ebrios was isolated from a water sample collected in Ebrie Lagoon on the AdiopodoumĂ© River in Abidjan (Republic of CĂŽte dâIvoire, West Africa). The linear genome of this Podoviridae family member contains 39,752âbp, has a G+C content of 52.9%, is composed of 53 open reading frames, and is related to the Stenotrophomonas maltophilia phage IME15
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