Role of hepatitis B virus X protein in liver cancer

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PTEN underexpression was associated with more aggressive tumor behaviour in hepatocellular carcinoma and PTEN suppressed cell invasion by downregulating NF-κB signaling pathway

Top Scored Posters: P-006postprintThe 3rd Annual Conference of the International Liver Cancer Association (ILCA 2009), Milan, Italy, 4-6 September 2009. In Abstract Book of ILCA 2009, 2009, p. 20, abstract no. P-00

Tensin4 is up-regulated by EGF-induced ERK1/2 activity and promotes cell proliferation and migration in hepatocellular carcinoma

The focal adhesion protein Tensin4, also known as cten (c-terminal tensin like), is structurally distinct from the three other members in the Tensin family. Its expression and potential functions in cancers including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are not well understood. With immunohistochemistry, 43% (13/30) of our human HCC cases showed up-regulation of Tensin4 as compared with their corresponding non-tumorous livers. In HCC cells, treatment with epidermal growth factor (EGF) significantly induced Tensin4 transcript and protein expression, while treatment with pharmacological inhibitors against the MEK1/2 kinases abolished such induction, suggesting that Tensin4 expression was dependent on Ras/MAPK signaling. With immunofluorescence microscopy, the focal adhesion localization of Tensin4 was confirmed in HCC cells. Significantly, detailed examination using a panel of Tensin4 deletion constructs revealed that this specific focal adhesion localization required the N-terminal region together with the C-terminal SH2 domain. Up-regulation of ERK signaling by EGF in the HCC cells resulted in a change to a mesenchymal celllike morphology through modulation of the actin cytoskeleton. Functionally, stable Tensin4 knockdown in SMMC-7721 HCC cells resulted in reduced cell proliferation and migration in vitro. Taken together, our data suggest that Tensin4 may play a pro-oncogenic role in HCC, possibly functioning as a downstream effector of Ras/ MAPK signaling.published_or_final_versio

EFFECT OF SEEDLING AGE ON GROWTH & YIELD OF BINA DHAN 6

An experiment was conducted at Rangpur, Bangladesh during November 2015 to July 2016 to study the effect of seedling ages on the growth & yield of BINA dhan 6. Seedlings of different ages, viz 25, 35, 45, 55 & 65 days old were transplanted on the same day. Result revealed that plant height, number of leaves hill-1, total dry matter (TDM) hill-1, leaf area index (LAI), number of total tillers, number fertile tillers hill-1, number of grains panicle-1, 1000 grain weight, grain & straw yield was affected significantly due to different ages of seedlings. The result also showed that number of tillers hill-1, number of leaves hill-1, & leaf area index increased for all seedling ages up to 75 days after transplanting (DAT) and decreased gradually thereafter. The highest number of tillers hill-1, leaves hill-1 and leaf area index, the highest amount of stem, leaf, root and total dry matter and CGR were obtained from 35days old seedlings at all sampling dates. The highest number of effective tillers hill-1, panicle length, number of grains panicle-1, grain yield (6.96 t ha-1) and straw yield (7.75 t ha-1) were also achieved by 35 days old seedlings at harvest. Thirty-five days old seedlings were found to be superior to other ages of seedlings in term of growth and grain yield

Microeconomic Impacts of COVID-19 Pandemic: A Conceptual Review

The emergence of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) on the global public health scene has led to growing concerns and uncertainties. The COVID-19 pandemic has created both a medical crisis and an economic crisis. As others have noted, I face challenges just as big as those in the Spanish Flu Pandemic and the Great Depression—all at once. The tasks facing policy-makers are extraordinary. Many new kinds of intervention are urgently required. This issue of the Center for Academic & Professional Career Development and Research (CAPCDR) has two objectives. The first is to explore these new interventions: evaluating their use, suggesting how they might be improved, and proposing alternatives. The second is to show that the challenges facing us are global and will require international cooperation if they are to be dealt with effectively. This short introductory essay positions the papers in the issue within an overall conceptual framework, with the aim of telling an overarching story about the pandemic

Rapamycin and CCI-779 inhibit the mammalian target of rapamycin signalling in hepatocellular carcinoma

Background: The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), which phosphorylates p70S6K and 4EBP1 and activates the protein translation process, is upregulated in cancers and its activation may be involved in cancer development. Aims: In this study, we investigated the tumour-suppressive effects of rapamycin and its new analogue CCI-779 on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods: Rapamycin and its new analogue CCI-779 were applied to treat HCC cells. Cell proliferation, cell cycle profile and tumorigenicity were analysed. Results: In human HCCs, we observed frequent (67%, 37/55) overexpression of mTOR transcripts using real-time reverse transcriptasepolymerase chain reaction. Upon drug treatment, PLC/PRF/5 showed the greatest reduction in cell proliferation using the colony formation assay, as compared with HepG2, Hep3B and HLE. Rapamycin was a more potent antiproliferative agent than CCI-779 in HCC cell lines. Proliferation assays by cell counting showed that the IC50 value of rapamycin was lower than that of CCI-779 in PLC/PRF/5 cells. Furthermore, flow cytometric analysis showed that both drugs could arrest HCC cells in the G1 phase but did not induce apoptosis of these cells, suggesting that these mTOR inhibitors are cytostatic rather than cytotoxic. Upon rapamycin and CCI-779 treatment, the phosphorylation level of mTOR and p70S6K in HCC cell lines was significantly reduced, indicating that both drugs can suppress mTOR activity in HCC cells. In addition, both drugs significantly inhibited the growth of xenografts of PLC/PRF/5 cells in nude mice. Conclusions: Our findings indicate that rapamycin and its clinical analogue CCI-779 possess tumour-suppressive functions towards HCC cells. © 2009 John Wiley & Sons A/S.postprin

Impact of Covid-19 on Different Entrepreneurial Schemes

India saw economic downturn in 2018 due to various reasons, slipping from the tag of world fastest economy, moody amended India’s outlook to negative, unemployment rate were at 6.1% highest ever since 45 years, also registered electric generation growth at 1.8% lowest since 1990 accompanied by negative export growth rate which was around -1% in 2019. Which means Indian economy was almost at doorsteps of recession when Covid-19 made an appearance. This would probably the worst timing when covid-19 pandemic could have hit the economy. In order to resuscitate the economy from slippery slope of recession, government introduces some serious measures, but they were curtailed by covid-19 pandemic. Most of private firms lay-off their workers in order to save themselves from mounting losses due to lockdown, while other experienced a salary cut. Entrepreneurs are the building blocks of any nation & the same was realized by Indian government due to which some serious measures were taken to facilitate the entrepreneurs such as ATAL Innovation Mission, Startup India Initiative, ASPIRE etc. The main aim of government was to bring youth under the umbrella of self employement in order to tackle various issues to paddle out economy from grip of slowdown & to save entrepreneurial activities of micro business. It would be a descriptive study in which researcher aims to analyze the different schemes undertaken by government prior to covid-19 era & how these were impacted by covid-19. The study is going to provide an apogee that does pandemic may or may not have impacted entrepreneurial activities. Also it will highlight gravity of Government measures for micro businesses in India

Microeconomic impacts of COVID-19 pandemic: A Review Analysis and Policy Recommendations

Covid-19 has activated a global shock comparable to World War II. Worldwide lockdown, closed borders, regional trade, accelerated regionalism, and mitigated policies have resulted in a massive loss in the global economy. For some economists, the economic shock produced by the imposed lockdown is more costly than the pandemic itself. The progression of this contagion and its economic consequences are still highly unclear. They are also making it difficult for policymakers to design an appropriate microeconomic policy response. According to some estimates, each additional month of crisis costs around 2-5 percent of global GDP, and the GDP suffers a hit of about 3-6 percent, depending on the country's structure. As the pandemic is spreading fast, breathing issues are flattering more prevalent. We presume that the individual firm liquidity & preservation of the economic network are two further issues. Individual firms seem valued components of the economic cycle, and their absence will significantly impact the economy and the state. In contrast, banks may be reluctant to lend operating cash to firms. The current global crisis is unlike any other in a century, and it has caused financial volatility, which has led to the lockdown. It pledges on by the possible economic health consequences of mitigation strategies, such as the collapse of tourism, small business, the energy industry, rising oil prices, significant increases in unemployment, and increasing government debt. Predicting a solution for this pandemic is hard to define. Still, this study implies that if we ensure deceit in all sectors, inventive design planning on economic projects, if all the world leaders trumped up better determination, the microeconomic effects would be better off

RhoE/ROCK signaling modulates chemoresistance in HCC through IL6/JAK2/STAT3 pathways

Conference Theme: New Horizons in Cancer Research Conference: Harnessing Breakthroughs - Targeting CuresPoster Session B: Tumor Biology: no. B40Liver cancer (hepatocellular carcinoma, HCC) is a major malignancy worldwide and the second commonest fatal cancer in Southeast Asia and China including Hong Kong, due to the high prevalence of hepatitis B viral infection. HCC is highly chemoresistant, limiting treatment options to patients. There is an urgent need to delineate the underlying molecular mechanism of HCC chemoresistance so as to identify novel therapeutic targets for this aggressive cancer. Deregulation of Rho GTPase pathway is demonstrated to play important roles in HCC tumorigenesis. RhoE/Rnd3 belongs to the Rnd subfamily of the Rho GTPase which lacks the intrinsic GTPase activity. In our previous study, we have shown that RhoE is frequently downregulated in human HCCs and acts as a metastasis suppressor, whereas ROCK2 is upregulated in human HCCs. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether RhoE is also involved in the regulation of chemoresistance in HCC. Using short-hairpin RNA and ...published_or_final_versio

Impacts of Covid-19 Pandemic on Tourism Industry of India

The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of COVID-19 on the tourism sector of India. India is a tourist euphoria. Tourism in India has noteworthy potential seeing the rich cultural and historical heritage, variety of ecology, terrains and places of natural beauty spread crossways the country. It is considered to be the biggest and rapidly growing industry. Tourism is also a potentially great employment generators besides being a significant source of Foreign exchange for the country. Due to the sphere of pandemics and infectious diseases, the tourism industry has become very unstable. The COVID-19 froze the tourist sector around the world, countries around the world continued to impose restrictions on travel as apart to hold the spread of the virus, so on India. Ultimately, the drastic outbreak of the novel coronavirus has caused great losses to the tourism industry. In India, as the contagious were emerging the authorities implemented travel restrictions, social distancing, lockdown which completely brought the tourism sector of India to recession. As resulting the threat of virus, travellers revoke their tour and agitation tumbled the tourist graph significantly. This study attempts to try to understand the tourism sector importance in Indian economy and examine the impact of COVID-19 on the Indian tourism sector