14 research outputs found
Instructions for students with special educational needs in Chinese mainstream classrooms: modifications and barriers
Heat shock protein gp96 and NAD(P)H oxidase 4 play key roles in Toll-like receptor 4-activated apoptosis during renal ischemia/reperfusion injury
Cell division orientation is coupled to cell–cell adhesion by the E-cadherin/LGN complex
Effect of Inorganic Additives on a Conventional Anionic–Nonionic Mixed Surfactants System in Aqueous Solution
Mixtures of Nonionic Surfactants made from Renewable Resources with Alkyl Sulfates and Sodium n-Alkanecarboxylates: Comparison of Mixing Behavior using Rubingh’s Treatment
Anger, frustration, and helplessness after service failure: coping strategies and effective informational support
Inflammatory caspases and inflammasomes: master switches of inflammation.
Fifteen years have passed since the cloning and characterization of the interleukin-1beta-converting enzyme (ICE/caspase-1), the first identified member of a family of proteases currently known as caspases. Caspase-1 is the prototypical member of a subclass of caspases involved in cytokine maturation termed inflammatory caspases that also include caspase-4 caspase -5, caspase -11 and caspase -12. Efforts to elucidate the molecular mechanisms involved in the activation of these proteases have uncovered an important role for the NLR family members, NALPs, NAIP and IPAF. These proteins promote the assembly of multiprotein complexes termed inflammasomes, which are required for activation of inflammatory caspases. This article will review some evolutionary aspects, biochemical evidences and genetic studies, underlining the role of inflammasomes and inflammatory caspases in innate immunity against pathogens, autoinflammatory syndromes and in the biology of reproduction
NALP inflammasomes: a central role in innate immunity.
Inflammasomes are cytoplasmic multiprotein complexes that mediate the maturation of the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), IL-18, and possibly IL-33 by controlling the activation of the inflammatory caspases-1 and -5. Assembly of inflammasomes depends on NOD-like receptor (NLR) family members such as NALPs, NAIP, and IPAF. Various microbial and endogenous stimuli activate different types of inflammasomes. This article focuses on the Pyrin domain containing NLRs, known as NALP proteins. Recent findings provide exciting insights into how these proteins might be activated and also provide evidence of the critical role of the NALP inflammasomes in innate immunity and inflammatory diseases
Chemical Composition of Polymer Surfaces Imaged by Atomic Force Microscopyand Complementary Approaches
Unfortunately, the editor of this article Hans-Henning Kausch was published as author in the XML-version