Identifying and Validating Tankyrase Binders and Substrates: A Candidate Approach.

The poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase (PARP) enzyme tankyrase (TNKS/ARTD5, TNKS2/ARTD6) uses its ankyrin repeat clusters (ARCs) to recognize degenerate peptide motifs in a wide range of proteins, thereby recruiting such proteins and their complexes for scaffolding and/or poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation. Here, we provide guidance for predicting putative tankyrase-binding motifs, based on the previously delineated peptide sequence rules and existing structural information. We present a general method for the expression and purification of tankyrase ARCs from Escherichia coli and outline a fluorescence polarization assay to quantitatively assess direct ARC-TBM peptide interactions. We provide a basic protocol for evaluating binding and poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation of full-length candidate interacting proteins by full-length tankyrase in mammalian cells

Intuitionistic Fuzzy Time Series Functions Approach for Time Series Forecasting

Fuzzy inference systems have been commonly used for time series forecasting in the literature. Adaptive network fuzzy inference system, fuzzy time series approaches and fuzzy regression functions approaches are popular among fuzzy inference systems. In recent years, intuitionistic fuzzy sets have been preferred in the fuzzy modeling and new fuzzy inference systems have been proposed based on intuitionistic fuzzy sets. In this paper, a new intuitionistic fuzzy regression functions approach is proposed based on intuitionistic fuzzy sets for forecasting purpose. This new inference system is called an intuitionistic fuzzy time series functions approach. The contribution of the paper is proposing a new intuitionistic fuzzy inference system. To evaluate the performance of intuitionistic fuzzy time series functions, twenty-three real-world time series data sets are analyzed. The results obtained from the intuitionistic fuzzy time series functions approach are compared with some other methods according to a root mean square error and mean absolute percentage error criteria. The proposed method has superior forecasting performance among all methods

Photostable transparent wood composite functionalized with an UV-absorber

Transparent wood composite (TWC) is an emerging material which combines good optical and mechanical properties with potential applications in smart windows, energy efficient building elements and solar energy concentrators etc. UV resistance of TWC is important for its suitability to be used in outdoor applications as a building material. In this study, functional TWC was prepared by lignin modification bleaching of poplar wood veneers followed by infiltration with epoxy resin doped with an UV absorber (2-(2H-Benzotriazol-2-yl)-4, 6-di-tert-pentylphenol) (conc. 1.0 and 1.75% w/v). Highly stable TWC (thickness 2 mm) with high optical transmittance was fabricated. The photostability of TWC was evaluated by exposing TWC sheets to a UVA340 fluorescent lamp in an accelerated weathering tester. For a comparison, wood, bleached wood, and epoxy samples were also subjected to UV light irradiation and the extent of degradation was evaluated by measuring colour change (yellowness index measured using spectrocolorimeter), chemical changes (monitored using FTIR spectroscopy) and optical transmittance. TWC was highly sensitive to UV light exposure and exhibited rapid photo-discolouration, chemical degradation and a decrease in optical transmittance. Incorporation of UV absorber in epoxy resin considerably reduced discolouration and photo-degradation of TWC. Moisture absorption behaviour (water uptake) of TWC was also evaluated by immersing it in water. The results indicated that TWC undergoes significant photo-degradation and needs application of UV stabilizer for its outdoor applications

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Aerosol radiative forcing during dust events over New Delhi, India

We present results from sun/sky radiometer measurements of aerosol optical characteristics carried out in New Delhi during March–June, 2006, as part of the Indian Space Research Organization's Integrated Campaign for Aerosol Radiation Budget. For the first time at this site, derived are parameters such as aerosol optical depth (AOD), single scattering albedo (SSA), asymmetry parameter, Ångstrom exponent, and real and imaginary refractive indices in five spectral channels. During the campaign, a consistent increase in aerosol loading from March to June with monthly average AOD values at 0.5μm of 0.55, 0.75, 1.22 and 1.18, respectively, was observed. Ångstrom exponent gradually decreases from 1.28 (March) to 0.47 (June), indicating an increased abundance of coarse particles due to dust storms that transport desert dust from the Thar desert and adjoining regions. SSA at 0.5 μm is found to be in the range of 0.84 to 0.74 from March to June, indicating an increasing contribution from the mixture of anthropogenic and desert dust absorbing aerosols. Optical properties derived during the campaign are used in a radiative-transfer model to estimate aerosol radiative forcing at the surface and at the top-of-the atmosphere. A consistent increase in surface cooling is evident, ranging from −39 W m−2 (March) to −99 W m−2 (June) and an increase in heating of the atmosphere from 27 W m−2 (March) to 123 W m−2 (June). Heating rates in the lower atmosphere (up to 5 km) are 0.6, 1.3, 2.1, and 2.5K/d from March, April, May, and June 2006, respectively. Higher aerosol induced heating in the premonsoon period has been shown to have an impact on the regional monsoon climat

Performance and Reliability Study of Single-Layer and Dual-Layer Platinum Nanocrystal Flash Memory Devices Under NAND Operation

Memory window (MW) and the retention of single-layer (SL) and dual-layer (DL) platinum (Pt) nanocrystal (NC) devices are extensively studied before and after program/erase (P/E) cycling. DL devices show better charge storage capability and reliability over the SL devices. Up to 50% improvement in the stored charge is estimated in the DL device over SL when P/E is performed at equal field. Excellent high temperature and postcycling retention capabilities of SL and DL devices are shown. The impact of the interlayer film (ILF) thickness on the retention of the DL structure is reported. While SL devices show poor P/E cycling endurance, DL cycling is shown to meet the minimum requirements of the multilevel cell (MLC) operation