<Report> An Investigation of Exercise Intensity of Repetition Training for Junior Elite Swimmers by Blood Lactate Analysis

In this paper we reported an investigation of exercise intensity and validity of method for athletes’ training in case of some interval training based on an empirical for junior elite swimmers from point of blood lactate. The subjects were ten junior swimmers designated to train by a local federation in Nigata. Six swimmers specialized in a short distance swimming and four swimmers specialized in 400 m individual medley. All subjects were measured for their blood lactate and heart rate immediately after swimming, velocity and the necessary time of swimming. The results of this experiment led us to conclude 1) In the case of this examination of repetition training of 100 m free style, it is though that a buffering of blood lactate can not compensate for a producing of that, and because of oxygen debt for respiratory muscle, anaerobic metabolism may be participated. 2) In the case of 400 m individual medley, it is thought that 400 m individual medley have been demanded aerobic work capacity in comparison with 100 m crawl stroke

The Simons Observatory: A fully remote controlled calibration system with a sparse wire grid for cosmic microwave background telescopes

For cosmic microwave background (CMB) polarization observations, calibration of detector polarization angles is essential. We have developed a fully remote controlled calibration system with a sparse wire grid that reflects linearly polarized light along the wire direction. The new feature is a remote-controlled system for regular calibration, which has not been possible in sparse wire grid calibrators in past experiments. The remote control can be achieved by two electric linear actuators that load or unload the sparse wire grid into a position centered on the optical axis of a telescope between the calibration time and CMB observation. Furthermore, the sparse wire grid can be rotated by a motor. A rotary encoder and a gravity sensor are installed on the sparse wire grid to monitor the wire direction. They allow us to achieve detector angle calibration with expected systematic error of $0.08^{\circ}$. The calibration system will be installed in small-aperture telescopes at Simons Observatory