1,7-Diethyl-4,10-diisopropyl­tetra­cene

The mol­ecule of the title compound, C28H32, is located on a crystallographic inversion center. The ethyl groups are essentially coplanar with the tetra­cene ring, making a torsion angle of −0.4 (4)°. The isopropyl groups adopt an asymmetric conformation with their terminal methyl groups positioned on opposite sides of the tetra­cene plane [the Me—C—C—C torsion angles are −22.5 (4) and 100.9 (3)°]. In the crystal, the mol­ecules adopt an arrangement without significant π–π inter­actions along the stacking direction (y axis)

1,4,5,8-Tetra-n-butyl­anthracene

The mol­ecule of the title compound, C30H42, occupies a special position on an inversion center. The four butyl side chains have all-trans planar conformations, and the alkyl planes are nearly orthogonal to the anthracene plane [C—C—C—C torsion angles of 79.6 (2) and 78.2 (2)°]. The overall mol­ecule has a stair-like shape with the n-butyl groups at the 1 and 8 positions extending towards the same side of the anthracene plane. In the crystal structure, mol­ecules adopt a slipped–parallel arrangement without π–π stacking

2,3-Dimeth­oxy-5,12-tetra­cenequinone

The mol­ecule of the title compound, C20H14O4, is approximately planar [maximum deviation 0.168 (2) Å]. The two meth­oxy groups are slightly twisted relative to the plane of the 5,12-tetra­cenequinone system, with twist angles of 3.3 (3) and 5.6 (2)°. All O atoms are involved in intermolecular C—H⋯O inter­actions and the mol­ecules are arranged into slipped face-to-face stacks along the b axis via π–π inter­actions with an inter­planar distance of 3.407 (2) Å

1,4,5,8-Tetra­isopropyl­anthracene

The mol­ecules of the title compound, C26H34, possess crystallographically imposed inversion symmetry. The anthracene ring system is planar within 0.038 (1) Å. The two methyl groups in each independent isopropyl group are oriented on either side of the anthracene plane. In the crystal structure, the mol­ecules adopt a herringbone-like arrangement without π–π stacking

High-pressure phase equilibria of tertiary-butylamine hydrates with and without hydrogen

Thermodynamic stability boundaries of the simple tertiary-butylamine (t-BA) hydrate and t-BA+hydrogen (H2) mixed hydrate were investigated at a pressure up to approximately 100 MPa. All experimental results from the phase equilibrium measurement, in situ Raman spectroscopy, and powder X-ray diffraction analysis arrive at the single conclusion that the t-BA hydrates, under pressurization with H2, are transformed from the structure VI simple t-BA hydrate into the structure II t-BA+H2 mixed hydrate. The phase transition point on the hydrate stability boundary in the mother aqueous solutions with the t-BA mole fractions (xt-BA) of 0.056 and 0.093 is located at (2.35 MPa, 267.39 K) and (25.3 MPa, 274.19 K), respectively. On the other hand, in the case of the pressurization by decreasing the sample volume instead of supplying H2, the simple t-BA hydrate retains the structure VI at pressures up to 112 MPa on the thermodynamic stability boundary.Tomohiro Tanabe, Takeshi Sugahara, Kazuma Kitamura et al. High-Pressure Phase Equilibria of Tertiary-Butylamine Hydrates with and without Hydrogen, Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data, 60 (2), 222–227, February 12, © 2015 American Chemical Society. https://doi.org/10.1021/je500301

Half-turned truncal switch operation for complete transposition of the great arteries with ventricular septal defect and pulmonary stenosis

AbstractJ Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2003;125:966-

Helping-Like Behaviour in Mice Towards Conspecifics Constrained Inside Tubes

Prosocial behaviour, including helping behaviour, benefits others. Recently, helping-like behaviour has been observed in rats, but whether it is oriented towards rescue, social contact with others, or other goals remains unclear. Therefore, we investigated whether helping-like behaviour could be observed in mice similar to that in rats. Because mice are social animals widely used in neuroscience, the discovery of helping-like behaviour in mice would be valuable in clarifying the psychological and biological mechanisms underlying pro-sociability. We constrained mice inside tubes. Subject mice were allowed to move freely in cages with tubes containing constrained conspecifics. The subject mice released both cagemates and stranger mice but did not engage in opening empty tubes. Furthermore, the same behaviour was observed under aversive conditions and with anesthetised conspecifics. Interestingly, hungry mice opened the tubes containing food before engaging in tube-opening behaviour to free constrained conspecifics. Mice showed equal preferences for constrained and freely moving conspecifics. We demonstrated for the first time that mice show tube-opening behaviour. Furthermore, we partly clarified the purpose and motivation of this behaviour. An effective mouse model for helping-like behaviour would facilitate research on the mechanisms underlying prosocial behaviour