Turbulence simulation mechanization for Space Shuttle Orbiter dynamics and control studies

The current version of the NASA turbulent simulation model in the form of a digital computer program, TBMOD, is described. The logic of the program is discussed and all inputs and outputs are defined. An alternate method of shear simulation suitable for incorporation into the model is presented. The simulation is based on a von Karman spectrum and the assumption of isotropy. The resulting spectral density functions for the shear model are included

Determination of constant-volume balloon capabilities for aeronautical research

The proper application of constant-volume balloons (CVB) for measurement of atmospheric phenomena was determined. And with the proper interpretation of the resulting data. A literature survey covering 176 references is included. the governing equations describing the three-dimensional motion of a CVB immersed in a flow field are developed. The flowfield model is periodic, three-dimensional, and nonhomogeneous, with mean translational motion. The balloon motion and flow field equations are cast into dimensionless form for greater generality, and certain significant dimensionless groups are identified. An alternate treatment of the balloon motion, based on first-order perturbation analysis, is also presented. A description of the digital computer program, BALLOON, used for numerically integrating the governing equations is provided

Aerodynamic size distribution of suspended particulate matter in the ambient air in the city of Cleveland, Ohio

The City of Cleveland Division of Air Pollution Control and NASA jointly investigated the chemical and physical characteristics of the suspended particulate matter in Cleveland, and as part of the program, measurements of the particle size distribution of ambient air samples at five urban locations during August and September 1972 were made using high-volume cascade impactions. The distributions were evaluated for lognormality, and the mass median diameters were compared between locations and as a function of resultant wind direction. Junge-type distributions were consistent with dirty continental aerosols. About two-thirds of the suspended particulate matter observed in Cleveland is less than 7 microns in diameter

Relativistic, QED, and finite nuclear mass corrections for low-lying states of Li and Be+^+

Accurate results for nonrelativistic energy, relativistic, QED, and finite nuclear mass corrections are obtained for $2^1S_{1/2}$, $3^1S_{1/2}$ and $2^1P_{1/2}$ states of the Li atom and Be$^+$ ion. Our computational approach uses the Hylleraas basis set with the analytic integration and recursion relations. From comparison of experimental results for the isotope shifts to theoretical predictions including nuclear polarizabilities, we obtain nuclear charge radii for Li and Be isotopes.Comment: 19 pages, 8 tables, Phys. Rev. A in prin

Large U_{e3} and Tri-bimaximal Mixing

We investigate in a model-independent way to what extent one can perturb tri-bimaximal mixing in order to generate a sizable value of |U_{e3}|, while at the same time keeping solar neutrino mixing near its measured value, which is close to sin^2 theta_{12} = 1/3. Three straightforward breaking mechanisms to generate |U_{e3}| of about 0.1 are considered. For charged lepton corrections, the suppression of a sizable contribution to sin^2 theta_{12} can be achieved if CP violation in neutrino oscillations is almost maximal. Generation of the indicated value of |U_{e3}| of about 0.1 through renormalization group corrections requires the neutrinos to be quasi-degenerate in mass. The consistency with the allowed range of sin^2 theta_{12} together with large running of |U_{e3}| forces one of the Majorana phases to be close to pi. This implies large cancellations in the effective Majorana mass governing neutrino-less double beta, constraining it to lie near its minimum allowed value of m_0 cos 2 theta_{12}, where m_0 is greater than about 0.1 eV. Finally, explicit breaking of the neutrino mass matrix in the inverted hierarchical and quasi-degenerate neutrino mass spectrum cases is similarly correlated with the effective Majorana mass, although to a lesser extent. The implied values for the atmospheric neutrino mixing angle theta_{23} are given in all cases.Comment: 20 pages, 9 figure

The experiences of patients and carers in the daily management of care at the end of life

Background Home is the preferred location for most people with an advanced disease and at the end of life. A variety of care professionals work in community settings to provide support to this population. Patients and their spouses, who also care for them (spouse-carers), are rarely accompanied by these sources of support at all times, and have to manage independently between their contact with care professionals. Aim To explore how patients and spouse-carers manage their involvement with care professionals in the community setting. Method Interpretive phenomenology informs the design of the research, whereby 16 interviews were conducted with the patients and spouse-carers. Interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim. Data were analysed using phenomenological techniques including template analysis. Findings Patients and spouse-carers were interdependent and both parties played a role in co-ordinating care and managing relationships with professional care providers. The patients and spouse-carers actively made choices about how to manage their situation, and develop and modify managing strategies based on their experiences. Conclusions When daily management is effective and care professionals acknowledge the dyadic nature of the patient and spouse-carer relationship, people have confidence in living with advanced disease

What drives bank funding spreads?

We use matched, bank-level panel data on Libor submissions and credit default swaps to decompose bank-funding spreads at several maturities into components reflecting counterparty credit risk and funding-market liquidity. To account for the possibility that banks may strategically misreport their funding rates in the Libor survey, we nest our decomposition within a model of the costs and benefits of lying. We find that Libor spreads typically consist mostly of a liquidity premium and that this premium declined at short maturities following Federal Reserve interventions in bank funding markets. At longer maturities, credit risk explains much of the time variation in Libor, reflecting in part fluctuations in the degree to which default risk is priced in the interbank market. Our results are consistent with banks both under- and over-reporting their funding costs during the crisis but suggest that the incidence of this behavior may have subsequently declined