Matrix effect and calibration strategy in trace element analysis of geological glasses using 193 nm excimer LA-ICP-MS

SMP006-P01ポスター要旨 / 日本地球惑星科学連合2011年大会（2011年5月22日～5月27日, 幕張メッセ国際会議場） / 日本惑星科学連合の許諾に基づき本文ファイルを掲

Orientation and film thickness dependencies of (100)- and (111)-oriented epitaxial Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3 films grown by metal organic chemical vapor deposition

Abstract(100)- and (111)-oriented epitaxial Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3 films with 500 and 1300 nm in thickness were grown by metal organic chemical vapor deposition. Remained strain was almost relaxed because the crystal structure of the films was almost the same as that of bulk Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3. Relative dielectric constant showed the maximum value against the temperature that depended on the measurement frequency. Maximum relative dielectric constant, εr(max.), and the temperature showing εr(max.), T(max.), decreased and increased with the frequency, respectively, are in good agreement with reported data for the bulk. εr(max.) and T(max.), respectively increased and decreased with the film thickness and (111)-oriented films showed larger value than that of the (100)-oriented one. Ferroelectricity was observed for all films up to 297 K and monotonously decreased with increasing temperature. Saturation polarization value increased with the film thickness and (111)-oriented films showed larger value than (100)-oriented ones. On the other hand, the coercive field decreased with increasing film thickness, but was almost independent with the film orientation

気管支喘息の臨床分類とその細胞性および液性因子の特徴

Characteristics of each asthma type classified by clinical symptoms and　findings were studied in 72 patients with bronchial asthma. 1. Ventilatory function tests showed that the values of % MMF, % V(50) and % V(25) were significantly lower in patients with bronchiolar obstruction (type II) compared to the values of those with simple bronchoconstriction type (type Ia) and those with bronchoconstriction + hypersecretion (type Ib). 2. The proportion of neutrophils in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid was significantly higher in type II than in type Ia and type Ib. Several　patients with type Ib showed higher proportion of BAL eosinophils. 3. The release of LTC(4) from leucocytes was significantly lower in type II compared with type Ia and type Ib. There was no significant difference in the release of histamine and LTB(4) among the three asthma types.気管支喘息72例を対象に,その臨床病態の特徴を,気道炎症性の細胞および化学伝達物質の観察により検討した｡1.気道反応の特徴を換気機能の面から検討すると,II細気管支閉塞型において,MMF,V(50)やV(25)などの小ないし細気管支領域の換気障害を示すパラメーターの値は,Ia型,Ib型に比べ 有意の低下を示した｡2.気道細胞反応では,II型において,他の臨床病型に比べ,BAL液中好中球の出現頻度の有意の増加が観察された(Ia, p<0.001 ; Ib, p<0.01)｡好酸球の出現頻度は,Ib過分泌型において著しい増加傾向を示す症例が見られたが,その平均出現頻度には3病型間に有意の差は見られなかった｡3.好中球からのメジェー夕ー遊離では,ヒスタミン遊離は,Ia単純性気管支撃縮型において最も高い値が示されたが,推計学的には3病型間に有意の差は見られなかった｡ロイコトリエンC(4)では,Ia型においてII型に比べ有意に高い遊離が観察された(p<0.05)｡ロイコトリエンB(4)遊離には,3病型間に差は見られなかった

In situ Sr isotope measurement of small glass samples using multiple-Faraday collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry with 10^12Ω resistor high gain Faraday amplifiers

An analytical protocol was developed for correcting Kr baseline-induced bias and Rb isobaric overlap factors to analyse Sr isotope ratios for small glass samples using excimer laser ablation (LA) with an Aridus II desolvating nebuliser dual-intake system and multiple collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (MC-ICP-MS). The combined use of a low-oxide interface setup, along with high-gain Faraday amplifiers with a 1012 Ω resistor, enabled precise determination of Sr isotope ratios from 50-100 μm diameter craters at 10 Hz laser repetition rate. Residual analytical biases of 84Sr/86Sr and 87Sr/86Sr isotope ratios, obtained from Kr baseline suppressions (Kimura et al., 2013, Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry, 28, 945-957), were found to be nonlinear, but the correction method was applicable to 50-200 μm/10 Hz craters. We also found that the 85Rb/87Rb overlap correction factor changed with time with a change in the surface condition of the sampler-skimmer cones. The correction factor of 85Rb/87Rb was thus determined at least once per five unknown measurements using the Aridus solution intake line. We determined 87Sr/86Sr isotope ratios from MkAn anorthite (Sr = 305 ppm, Rb = 0.07 ppm), BHVO-2G, KL2-G, ML3B-G (Sr = 312-396 ppm, Rb = 5.8-9.2 ppm), and BCR-2G (Sr = 337 ppm, Rb = 48.5 ppm) basalt glasses using a 50-100 μm/10 Hz crater. The results agree well with their reference values, determined by thermal ionisation mass spectrometry, even with the high Rb/Sr ratio (0.14) in the BCR-2G glass. The internal/intermediate precisions were ±0.0002 (two-standard deviation: 2SD) for 100 μm craters and ±0.0005 for 50 μm craters. The new instrument settings and analytical protocol improved the precision by a factor of two compared to the previous report using LA-(sector field)-ICP-MS and enables the analysis of sample volumes that are ten times smaller than those used in previous LA-MC-ICP-MS analyses with equal precision

Analysis of stable isotope ratios of Ba by double-spike standard-sample bracketing using multiple-collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry

A precise analytical method for determining stable Ba isotope ratios was developed by applying a 130Ba-135Ba double-spike corrected standard-sample bracketing method with multiple-collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (MC-ICP-MS). Data were expressed as per mil deviation from a Ba standard in the δ137/134Ba notation. Careful examinations of the temporal instabilities of the instrument and of the 130Xe and 134Xe interference permitted accurate analysis of δ137/134Ba. The isotopic ratios of the 130Ba-135Ba double-spike used in this study were 134Ba/130Ba = 0.076528, 135Ba/130Ba = 1.060129, and 137Ba/130Ba = 0.209145. These were determined iteratively by measurements of δ137/134Ba in the IAEA-CO-9 standard with different spike-sample mixing ratios in order to achieve an invariant δ137/134Ba value of IAEA-CO-9. The reproducibility of δ137/134Ba of IAEA-CO-9 was ±0.032‰ (2SD, n = 42), which was about 5 times better than that reported by a previous study. The δ137/134Ba values of JB-2, JA-2, and BHVO-2 igneous rock standard reference materials were 0.086 ± 0.016‰ (2SD, n = 6), 0.016 ± 0.034‰ (2SD, n = 7), and 0.058 ± 0.019‰ (2SD, n = 5), respectively. A significant difference was observed between the JB-2 and JA-2 results, whereas no significant difference was observed for BHVO-2. These results show that the improved precision opens up a possibility to use δ137/134Ba as a tracer in igneous processes

The Kurashiki Prehospital Stroke Scale Is a Prehospital Scale That Can Predict Long-Term Outcome of Patients with Acute Cerebral Ischemia

Background and Purpose: Our aim was to confirm the clinical relationship between the Kurashiki Prehospital Stroke Scale (KPSS) scored by paramedics and favorable outcomes in patients with modified Rankin scale (mRS) scores of 0–1 assessed 3 months after symptom onset. Methods: We enrolled patients with acute stroke and transient ischemic attack showing symptoms on admission. Paramedics transferred patients to our hospital after estimating stroke severity using the KPSS. After categorizing patients into either the mRS 0–1 group (favorable outcome) or the mRS 2–6 group (no favorable outcome), we compared the background data between the two groups. We assessed KPSS scores predictive of a favorable outcome. Multivariate regression modeling was conducted to identify factors independently associated with a favorable outcome. Results: The study cohort comprised 147 patients with a premorbid status of mRS 0–1: 69 patients (47%) of them were in the mRS 0–1 group and 78 (53%) in the mRS 2–6 group at the follow-up 3 months after symptom onset. The median KPSS score was lower in the mRS 0–1 group than in the mRS 2–6 group (1 vs. 4, p Conclusion: KPSS score <3 apparently presents a reasonable cutoff for predicting a favorable outcome in patients with acute cerebral ischemia

Effectiveness of Fluconazole for Pulmonary Aspergilloma and Its Concentration in Lung Tissue

Fluconazole was administered to two male patients aged 41 and 70 years with pulmonary aspergilloma, the diagnosis of which was based on "fungus balls" on chest X-ray films, isolation of Aspergillus from the sputum and positive serum precipitation antibody against Aspergillus. The patients received a 100 to 200 mg oral daily dose of fluconazole for six months. The fungus balls shrank and disappeared and Aspergillus culture and the serum antibody became negative. No recurrence has been observed during the two years since the end of treatment. To determine the mechanism by which fluconazole was effective in the treatment of pulmonary aspergilloma, drug levels in the blood and normal and affected lung tissues were determined in 14 patients who received surgery for lung resection. The patients generally received a 200 mg oral daily dose of fluconazole for four days prior to the surgery, during which samples of blood and healthy and affected lung tissues were collected for the determination of fluconazole levels by HPLC. The average fluconazole concentration was 8.2 μ/ml in the blood (14 patients), 9.4 μg/g in healthy lung tissue (10 patients) and 7.7 μg/g in lung lesions (12 patients). Although the results suggested that the drug was well distributed into the blood and lung tissue when administered at an oral dose of 200 mg, the drug levels obtained were found to be far below the growth inhibitory level of fluconazole against Aspergillus. Therefore, it may be essential for the future development of antifungal agents and for a better understanding of the pharmacological action of fluconazole to evaluate the mechanism by which the drug exerts its therapeutic effect on aspergilloma at below its growth inhibitory level