Impacts of Regulating Greenhouse Gas Emissions on Livestock Trade Flows

The policies that regulate greenhouse gas emissions would provide a significant burden to emission industries as well as final consumers, which can lead to a strong influence on international trade flows of commodities. This study examines the impact of regulating greenhouse gas emissions on livestock trade flows using a commodity specific gravity model approach. This study finds that regulating greenhouse gas emissions has a negative effect on livestock trade flows from countries restricting greenhouse gas emissions to unrestricting countries, from restricting to restricting countries, and from unrestricting to restricting countries.gravity model, livestock, regulating greenhouse gas emission, trade, Environmental Economics and Policy, Livestock Production/Industries,

Titanium nitride and silicon nitride films grown by pulsed laser deposition

Titanium nitride, silicon nitride, and their multilayered films grown on Si (100) by Pulsed Laser Deposition (PLD) have been studied. The crystal structure and orientation of films were investigated by XRD and TEM. Titanium nitride film produced at room temperature was a polycrystal with 0.426 nm lattice constant whereas silicon nitride film grown at same condition was the amorphous. Particulates, one of the disadvantages of the PLD technique, were examined in the silicon nitride films varying the laser energy density, the repetition rate, and the target-substrate distance. The effect of laser ablation on the target was studied by SEM and XPS. The silicon nitride target after ablation for 25,000 pulses at Ed = 2.5 J/cm2 produced nitrogen-deficient cones that were aligned along the direction of the incident laser beam. The hardness and elastic modulus of the films grown at room temperature in vacuum and at 500 °C in nitrogen background gas (10-3 torr) were determined using the Nano Indenter®II. The highest hardness and elastic modulus in this study were obtained from the TiN film grown at room temperature in vacuum: 26.44 GPa and 265 GPa, respectively. Multi-layered films consisting of titanium nitride and silicon nitride films had intermediate hardness values. Titanium nitride and silicon nitride film grown at different temperature and pressure were examined by XPS to determine the effect of nitrogen content in films on the hardness. The more nitrogen the higher the hardness for both titanium nitride and silicon nitride films, regardless of deposition temperature

011— Assessing 2019 Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) Related Sentiment: Insights from Twitter Posts

The outbreak of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread and affected many countries, causing global attention and concern. Understanding the underlying sentiment of a disease outbreak can help to keep track of spreading epidemics and provide a potential explanation for associated human behaviors. Social media, i.e., Twitter can serve as an important source to provide real-time information. Utilizing sentiment analysis, analysis of opinions can be gathered through Twitter. Therefore, performing sentiment analysis on the tweets related to the disease gives a better insight on the impact of the COVID-19 in our society. This study sheds light on how partisan preference affect individuals’ sentiments. AFINN lexicon analysis has been used to rate sentiment score of each tweet, which shows that Democrats tend to obtain higher positive sentiment compared to Republicans. To support this claim, a word analysis was also conducted to identify that Republicans express more negative sentiment over words pertaining to social distancing rules than Democrats. These findings may provide a better understanding of the development of public discourse on social media and the difference in pattern of behaviors in compliance to physical distancing rules according to an individual’s partisan identit

(A) Study on impacts and infuence factors of the technology transfer as a military offset trade from a viewpoint of an exporting country

Thesis(Master) --KDI School:Master of Public Policy,2010masterpublishedby Won-Seok Kim

The Geopolitical Perceptions of Kim Ku and Syngman Rhee: Focusing on the Period of Japanese Occupation

Translated from the published article in Korean Political Science Review 43(3): 51-75, 2009 with permission from the The Korean Political Science Association.This paper compares the geopolitical perceptions of Syngman Rhee (Yi Sŭngman) and Kim Ku. The major findings are as follows. First, during the period of the Taehan Empire, Rhee and Kim had cast off their old Sino-centric geopolitical perceptions and embraced the concept of sovereignty. Protestantism, which was crucial to the rise of the modern conception of sovereignty, certainly played a role in the establishment of Rhee and Kims perceptions. Second, during the period in which the Korean Provisional Government experienced internal conflicts over whether to partner with the Russian Communists, Kim and Rhee were both wary of the expansion of Soviet influence. Third, during the Asia-Pacific War, Rhee and Kim advocated a united front with China (Asia) and the U.S. (Pacific) against Japans geopolitical scheme of the Greater East Asian Co-Prosperity Sphere. Fourth, Rhee focused on the strength and value of the U.S., which was expanding into the Pacific, and relegated China to the role of a secondary collaborator. In contrast, Kim valued highly the symbiotic relationship with China. Fifth, Rhee had a keen understanding of the global milieu but his senses were relatively dull to the revolutionary atmosphere of the Eurasian continent including Asia. On the other hand, Kims perception of the world was relatively narrow but he was more sensitive to the revolutionary atmosphere of the Eurasian continent. Sixth, as the Cold War escalated and the two camps jockeyed to keep the Korean Peninsula within their respective spheres of influence (in traditional geopolitical terms, continental versus maritime), the differences in two mens geopolitical perceptions began to take center stage rather than their similarities. Despite these differences, the similar geopolitical perceptions shared by these two men, who contributed to the independence and founding of Korea, can provide a cornerstone for the geopolitical strategy of a 21st century Korea working to balance its continental and maritime priorities and continuing to face the problem of the North-South division