Exploring factors affecting life dissatisfaction in edlerly

Thesis(Master) --KDI School:Master of Public Management,2017The aging of the world’s population, and the issues that each nation is facing as its aging citizens increase in number, is receiving increasing attention from the media, government and policy-making officials, international. Since Korea is moving towards the aged society, increasing is the social attention on overall depression and life dissatisfaction of the elderly. The purpose of this study is to find the factors affecting depression of elderly among demography characteristics of aged people, categorized dissatisfactions and sources of income, based on the 2014 national survey data of the actual living condition of the elderly and welfare need. We found that many factors have significant impact on the depression of the elderly, such as socio-demographic characteristics, the level of economic, social, physical, children relative dissatisfactions. Path analysis was utilized to identify the links and pathways between these factors and examine their impact on quality of life for people with depression.Ⅰ. Introduction Ⅱ. Literature Review Ⅲ. Theoretical Background Ⅳ. Hypothesis Development Ⅴ. Methodology Ⅶ. Conclusion Ⅷ. Study LimitationsOutstandingmasterpublishedKye Chul KIM

Expression of Osteocalcin and Transglutaminase and Labelling of Bromodeoxyuridine during Fracture Healing in the Rat Tibia

The expression of osteocalcin and transglutaminase C(TGase C) during fracture healing was inwstigated with immunohistochemical studies. A transverse osteotomy was made at the proximal tibia in Sprague-Dawley male rats and immobilized with a small external skeletal fixator. The animals lU!l'e sacrificed serially I, 3, 5, 7, 14, 42 days respectively after fracture. Longitudinal sections of the healing bone were stained with pohclonal antibody against osteocalcin and TGase C, and monoclonal antibody against bromodeoxyuridine. During the intramembranous bone formation at the periosteum around the fracture site, osteocalcin was strongly expressed in the proliferating osteoprogenitor cells from the 1st day of fracture, and then, in osteoblasts, osteoid matrix and osteocytes. The expression of TGase C was weakly positive in both osteoprogenitor cells and osteoblasts. Ai the site of endochondral bone formation, which was first reoealed 5 days after fracture, cell proliferation occurred at the periphery of cartilaginous callus where the number of cells stained with BrdU was highest During the maturation of callus, those cells uere entrapped in the chondroid matrix and became larger and larger. Osteocalcin was demonstrated in the cytoplasm of chondrocytes, while chondroid matrix was negatiwly stained. TGase C was found in the cytoplasm of more centrally located and matured chondrocytes as compared with osteocalcin. Osteoid matrix was stained with osteocalcin but not with TGase C. These finding may suggest that osteocalcin participates in the early phase of endochondral bone formation, while TGase C participates in the late phase, suggesting the role of TGase C in matrix stabilization. But the reason for the difference in the expression of TGase C between the endochondral bone formation and intramembranous bone formation should be further inwstigated. Healing of IAA2Il immobilized fracture in this study was predominantly induced by intramembranous ossification rather than endochondral ossification. Periosteal osteoprogenitor cells appeared to initiate and to lead bone formation after osteotomy. These findings indicate that preservation of the periosteum is essential to achieve successful fracture healing

Fiber Type Specific Presence of GIutathione Transferase Isoenzymes in the Rat SkeIetaI Musele Tissue

Glutathione transferases (GST) are a group of enzymes, majorly responsible for biochemical detoxification by conjugating glutathione to a set of hydrophobic ligands. The tissue isoenzyme pattern of the enzymes has been well illustrated with their significance of histological localization. But in the cases of muscle tissue, the GST isoenzyme pattern has not yet been clearly studied. In the present experiment, we have carried out an immunohistochemical analysis on the distribution of GST isoenzymes using anti GST-P and anti GST-L antibodies on cardiac, smooth and skeletal muscle tissues. The results showed that the intestinal smooth muscle and cardiac muscles are very weakly immunostained for both anti GST-L and P antibodies. In contrast, major bundles of skeletal muscles were positively responsive to GST-L antibody. Therefore, we compared the expression of GST-L in the muscle tissues of the soleus and plantaris, which were composed dominantly of type I fiber and type II fiber, respectively. The data indicated that only type II fibers in the plantaris muscle tissue were positive to GST-L antibody, which was confirmed by specific ATPase staining. And the soleus muscle, consisting mainly of type I fibers, contains a higher amount of GST-P isoenzyme than the plantaris muscle. Therefore, it can be suggested that the expression of GST isoenzyme can be used as a type-specific marker for the type II fiber of skeletal muscles. And moreover, the differential pattern of GST isoenzymes in those muscle tissues according to fiber types may contribute to explaining the differences in fatigue-sensitivity of muscles to exercise

Purification of Sulfhydryl Oxidase from Human Foreskin Tissue and Immunohistochemical Localization

Human sulfhydryl oxidase, catalyzing the conversion of either free or bound thiol to disulfide compound, was isolated from human skin tissue to apparent homogeneity through multiple steps of ammonium sulfate salting-out, DEAE-cellulose chromatography, CM-cellulose chromatography and ACA54 gel filtration. The enzyme was shown to have a molecular weight of 65 kDa and a specific activity of 8.39 x 103 Ufmg protein. The specific polyclonal antibody was raised, with which the tissue distribution of the enzyme was studied immunohistochemically. The enzyme is present ubiquitously in most human tissues. However, the granular layer of the epidermis, stromal tissues of the breast and uterine cervix, hepatocytes and islets of the pancreas are noted to contain a comparatively high amount of the enzyme

Harmonic (Quantum) Neural Networks

Harmonic functions are abundant in nature, appearing in limiting cases of Maxwell's, Navier-Stokes equations, the heat and the wave equation. Consequently, there are many applications of harmonic functions from industrial process optimisation to robotic path planning and the calculation of first exit times of random walks. Despite their ubiquity and relevance, there have been few attempts to incorporate inductive biases towards harmonic functions in machine learning contexts. In this work, we demonstrate effective means of representing harmonic functions in neural networks and extend such results also to quantum neural networks to demonstrate the generality of our approach. We benchmark our approaches against (quantum) physics-informed neural networks, where we show favourable performance.Comment: 12 pages (main), 7 pages (supplementary), 7 figure

Treatment-Seeking Behaviors and Related Epidemiological Features in Korean Acne Patients

Little is known about the treatment-seeking behaviors of acne patients, especially Asian acne patients. This study was performed to obtain detailed information about the treatment-seeking behaviors in Korean acne patients. Patients who visited the dermatology departments at 17 university hospitals completed a self-administered questionnaire. Most patients obtained information about acne from doctors or the Internet. The most important criteria for selecting a treatment method or choosing a particular clinic were effectiveness and accessibility. Patients used traditional medicine, visited beauty clinics, drank more water, and used over-the-counter topical agents more frequently than they sought doctors during the worsening period. The degree of satisfaction in treatment was found to depend on the total cost of treatment, number of places visited, site affected by acne, and emotional stress. Those who had experienced a side effect tended to have been treated for longer, to have paid more for treatment, and to have an associated skin disease. Treatments prescribed by dermatology clinics had the lowest aggravating rate, although improvement rates for family medicine clinics were also fairly high. This is the first study to investigate in detail the demographic features and characteristics of the treatment-seeking behaviors of acne patients in Asia

Bacillus subtilis spores as adjuvants against avian influenza H9N2 induce antigen-specific antibody and T cell responses in White Leghorn chickens

Low-pathogenicity avian influenza H9N2 remains an endemic disease worldwide despite continuous vaccination, indicating the need for an improved vaccine strategy. Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis), a gram-positive and endospore-forming bacterium, is a non-pathogenic species that has been used in probiotic formulations for both animals and humans. The objective of the present study was to elucidate the effect of B. subtilis spores as adjuvants in chickens administered inactivated avian influenza virus H9N2. Herein, the adjuvanticity of B. subtilis spores in chickens was demonstrated by enhancement of H9N2 virus-specific IgG responses. B. subtilis spores enhanced the proportion of B cells and the innate cell population in splenocytes from chickens administered both inactivated H9N2 and B. subtilis spores (Spore + H9N2). Furthermore, the H9N2 and spore administration induced significantly increased expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-6 compared to that in the H9N2 only group. Additionally, total splenocytes from chickens immunized with inactivated H9N2 in the presence or absence of B. subtilis spores were re-stimulated with inactivated H9N2. The subsequent results showed that the extent of antigen-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cell proliferation was higher in the Spore + H9N2 group than in the group administered only H9N2. Taken together, these data demonstrate that B. subtilis spores, as adjuvants, enhance not only H9N2 virus-specific IgG but also CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses, with an increase in pro-inflammatory cytokine production. This approach to vaccination with inactivated H9N2 together with a B. subtilis spore adjuvant in chickens produces a significant effect on antigen-specific antibody and T cell responses against avian influenza virus.This study and medical writing support were funded by Sanofi Genzyme and Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc