Gold Nanoparticle Synthesis by Apoferritin Conjugated-antibody in Detecting Vibrio Cholera

Background and purpose: Synthesis of homogeneous and equally important nanoparticles is very popular in various sciences. Preparation and use of gold nanoparticles is very important according to their applications in biotechnology. For synthesizing homogeneous gold nanoparticles many substrates and nanostructures have been used. This study aimed at synthesis of gold nanoparticles by apoferritin to be conjugated to antibody for detection of vibrio cholera. Materials and methods: In this study, gold nanoparticles were prepared in apoferritin and compared with apoferritin free gold nanoparticles. Data were characterized by UV-Vis, DLS, and FE-SEM spectroscopy. Results: Findings showed that the synthesized gold nanoparticles in apoferritin are more homogeneous. Conclusion: The distribution of synthesizing gold nanoparticle in presence of apoferritin was so homogenous. In the following step, gold nanoparticles were separated from apoferritin and conjugated to recombinant antibody for detecting vibrio cholera. By bacteria aatchment on gold nanoparticles, red shift ocured on wavelength, which was also visible to naked eyes. So, gold nanoparticles could be considered as a colored biosensor for detection of vibrio cholera

NOVEL FREE LABEL BOTULINUM APTASENSOR BASED ON CAPACITANCE METHOD

A feasible and fast method to fabricate Botulinum neurotoxin serotype A (BoNT/A) biosensor was investigated by graphene-carbon paste nanocomposite electrode. In the present work, the graphene was synthesis by chemical method and characterized by SEM. The nanocomposite shows a high conductive and sensitivity for BoNT/A determination as shown by cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Graphene-Carbone paste electrode was used for immobilization of aptamer in 0.1 M phosphate buffer solution at pH = 7. Aptamer was trapped in graphene modified carbon paste (Cp) electrodes. The electrodes were applied as indicator electrodes for capacitance determination of BoNT/A. Through this method, BoNT/A was detected in a concentration range from 0.16 to 0.68 ng·mL-1 with a correlation coefficient of 0.964 and detection limit of 0.09 ng·mL-1. Also, the life time of sensor is in finite

Variation of superficial veins of cubital fossa among students of ardabil University of Medical Sciences

Introduction: There is a wide variation in the superficial veins of the cubital area. These veins are used in many medical procedures and are clinically important. This study aimed to evaluate the variation of the superficial cubital veins in students of the Ardabil University of Medical Sciences. Material and methods: The volunteers were 150 females and 160 males from students of different disciplines of the Ardabil University of Medical Sciences aged between 18 and 26 years. To observe the superficial veins of the cubital fossa, the tourniquet was fastened 10 cm above the medial epicondyle of the humerus. One to 3 min after fastening the tourniquet, superficial veins were visualized. The patterns of superficial veins in both arms of the participants were recorded using the vein finder (Vein Revealer Garrote (VRG) −115). Results: Seven patterns of superficial cubital veins were identified. There was no significant difference between the right and left upper limbs among males and females. The most common type or pattern was N-type, which was more reported in males (70.1% in males and 64.7% in females). The I/0 was the second most observed pattern, which was more common in females (56.7% in females and 49.6% in males). M-shape pattern with a frequency of 46% in males and 31.5% in females was the third most patterns in our study. Other patterns make less than 10% of cases. Conclusion: In general, the present study results show that gender and ethnicity may affect the superficial veins pattern. However, despite the significant similarity between patterns obtained in our study and those of other authors, some differences may be observed, probably related to the examined sample (cadaveric material or living sample)

The effects of orally administered Bacillus coagulans and inulin on prevention and progression of rheumatoid arthritis in rats

Background: Probiotics have been considered as an approach to addressing the consequences of different inflammatory disorders. The spore-forming probiotic strain Bacillus coagulans has demonstrated anti-inflammatory and immune-modulating effects in both animals and humans. The prebiotic inulin also potentially affects the immune system as a result of the change in the composition or fermentation profile of the gastrointestinal microbiota. Objective: In the present study, an in vivo model was conducted to investigate the possible influences of probiotic B. coagulans and prebiotic inulin, both in combination and/or separately, on the downregulation of immune responses and the progression of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), using arthritis-induced rat model. Design: Forty-eight healthy male Wistar rats were randomly categorized into six experimental groups as follows: 1) control: normal healthy rats fed with standard diet, 2) disease control (RA): arthritis-induced rats fed with standard diet, 3) prebiotic (PRE): RA+ 5% w/w long-chain inulin, 4) probiotic (PRO): RA+ 109 spores/day B. coagulans by orogastric gavage, 5) synbiotic (SYN): RA+ 5% w/w long-chain inulin and 109 spores/day B. coagulans, and 6) treatment control: (INDO): RA+ 3 mg/kg/day indomethacin by orogastric gavage. Feeding with the listed diets started on day 0 and continued to the end of study. On day 14, rats were injected with complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) to induce arthritis. Arthritis activity was evaluated by the biochemical parameters and paw thickness. Biochemical assay for fibrinogen (Fn), serum amyloid A (SAA), and TNF-α and alpha-1-acid glycoprotein (α1 AGp) was performed on day 21, 28, and 35 (7, 14 and 21 days post RA induction), respectively. Results: Pretreatment with PRE, PRO, and SYN diets significantly inhibits SAA and Fn production in arthritic rats (P < 0.001). A significant decrease in the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α, was seen in the PRE, PRO, and SYN groups (P < 0.001), which was similar to the anti-inflammatory effect of indomethacin. Furthermore, no significant anti-inflammatory effects were observed following different treatments using α1 AGp as an RA indicator. Pretreatment with all supplied diets significantly inhibited the development of paw swelling induced by CFA (P < 0.001). Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that the oral intake of probiotic B. coagulans and prebiotic inulin can improve the biochemical and clinical parameters of induced RA in rat

The comparison of nurses and families' viewpoint of family-centered caring in Khalkhal Hospital, 2017

Introduction: The health is a family- and patient-pivoted system. Families are the elemental source of caring that provides the financial, emotional support, and hygienic services for their patient's relatives and the nurses as a basic individual in the curing team which remedying their patient interfere directly. The present study is with the aim of the comparison of nurses and families' viewpoint toward family-based caring. Methods: The present study is conducted a descriptive-analytic study that was carried out in 2015 on the nurses, and the main companion of the admitted patients occupied nurses in Khalkhal Emam Khomeini Hospital whit sampling method. The utilized instruments were the researcher-made questionnaire. After gathering data, they were analyzed by the SPSS 18 version. Results: The mean and the standard deviation grade of the nurses and the companions' viewpoint of family-pivoted caring are 46.04 ± 7.59 and 38.63 ± 8.86, respectively. In addition, the comparison of the grade of nurses and companions' viewpoint indicates that there is a significant statistical difference between two groups (P = 0.001). Conclusion: The viewpoint of the studied nurses and families toward the family-centered caring are about in the average and weak level. By considering to the increasing tendency of curative services from the curer-pivoted approach toward the family-pivoted services sound that the reinforcement of the attitude and the viewpoint as two main axis of caring, family-pivoted caring, companion, nurses, and family