GROWTH AND CARCASS VALUE OF ORIGINAL PIG POPULATIONS EVALUATED BY IN VIVO AND POST MORTEM METHODS

At a pig progeny testing station growth and production traits were examined in 38 pigs (20 animals of Large White /LW/ breed, 18 animals of Large White breed – paternal line /LWp/) using methodical instructions for performance testing and testing of purebred progeny. Richards function was applied to calculate the parameters and characteristics of growth curves that document a change in the production type of both breeds towards a markedly meat type in the course of 10 years. The changes were refl ected in an increase in the lean content on average by 3% in LW breed and by 2.7% in LWp breed. This positive trend is documented by the results measured by in vivo and post mortem methods. Both groups of methods of measuring lean percentage provided a good coincidence of the results; therefore the instrument SONOMARK-100 can be recommended for an early estimation of breeding value in growing pigs

Calicophoron daubneyi (Diginea: Paramphiszomidae): Účinnost anthelmintik u přirozeně infikovaného skotu

The effectiveness of anthelmintics in the treatment of paramphistomosis in farm animals in the Czech Republic has not been sufficiently investigated. This study was focused on selected breeds of beef cattle. Identification of Calicophoron daubneyi was performed by sedimentation and verified by PCR using the 5.8S rRNA gene. Animals were treated specifically for C. daubneyi infection only. Totally 400 positive animals were included in the study. The anthelmintic Closamectin (Closantel/Ivermectin) was evaluated as the most effective veterinary medicinal product with an efficiency of 80%, followed by Distocur (Oxyclozanid) with an efficiency of 78%, Aldifal (Albendazol) with an efficiency of 71% and Levatum Plus (Ivermectin/Clorsulon) with an efficiency of 62%.Účinnost anthelmintik při léčbě paramfistózy u hospodářských zvířat v České republice není dostatečně prozkoumána. Tato studie byla zaměřena na vybraná plemena masného skotu. Identifikace Calicophoron daubneyi byla provedena sedimentací a ověřena pomocí PCR s využitím genu 5,8S rRNA. Zvířata byla léčena specificky pouze na infekci C. daubneyi. Do studie bylo zařazeno celkem 400 pozitivních zvířat. Jako nejúčinnější veterinární léčivý přípravek bylo vyhodnoceno anthelmintikum Closamectin (Closantel/Ivermectin) s účinností 80 %, následované Distocurem (Oxyclozanid) s účinností 78 %, Aldifalem (Albendazol) s účinností 71 % a Levatum Plus (Ivermectin/Clorsulon) s účinností 62 %

GROWTH AND CARCASS VALUE OF ORIGINAL PIG POPULATIONS EVALUATED BY IN VIVO AND POST MORTEM METHODS

At a pig progeny testing station growth and production traits were examined in 38 pigs (20 animals of Large White /LW/ breed, 18 animals of Large White breed – paternal line /LWp/) using methodical instructions for performance testing and testing of purebred progeny. Richards function was applied to calculate the parameters and characteristics of growth curves that document a change in the production type of both breeds towards a markedly meat type in the course of 10 years. The changes were refl ected in an increase in the lean content on average by 3% in LW breed and by 2.7% in LWp breed. This positive trend is documented by the results measured by in vivo and post mortem methods. Both groups of methods of measuring lean percentage provided a good coincidence of the results; therefore the instrument SONOMARK-100 can be recommended for an early estimation of breeding value in growing pigs

Carcass Traits and Meat Quality of Prestice Black-Pied Pig Breed

The objective of the study was to evaluate fattening performance, carcass value and meat quality in pigs of Prestice Black-Pied breed in relation to slaughter weight (SW) and gender (barrows and gilts, resp.). Pigs were divided into weight categories: SW1 (75 to 99.9 kg), SW2 (100 to 109.9 kg) and SW3 (110 to 130 kg) and all individual traits were analyzed by the general linear model procedure (SAS 9.3). Average SW of each weight group was as follows: SW1 94.2 kg, SW2 105.8 kg, and SW3 115.2 kg. Differences among average backfat thickness of 36.07 mm in SW1, 40.16 mm in SW2, and 43.21 mm in SW3 were significant (p<0.01). Lean meat content was 48.94% (SW1), 48.78% (SW2), and 48.76% (SW3). Pigs were slaughtered at average weight of 105.7 kg for barrows and 104.4 kg for gilts. Average backfat thickness for barrows was 40.90 mm and 38.72 mm for gilts (significant difference p<0.05). Lean meat content was 48.75% in barrows and 48.91% in gilts. The values of pH45, characterizing the meat of very good quality. The loin in SW3 was darker than the muscles of SW1 and SW2. Drip loss was the lowest in SW1 (1.96%), compared to the highest drip loss in SW3 (2.59%). Content of intramuscular fat was 2.68% in SW3, 2.79% in SW2, and SW1 had the lowest content 2.47%. The values of pH45, colour lightness and drip loss were similar in both genders. However barrows had higher intramuscular fat content by 0.31% than gilts (p<0.05)

Probiotická a prebiotická krmná aditiva ve výživě telat

The target of the research was to analyze the effect of antidiarrheal feed additives on calves average daily weight gain. In the study, 120 calves were analyzed. Newborns were selected into 3 treatment groups, control (without supplementation) and group with Ascophyllum nodosum (prebiotics), and mixture of Lactobacillus sporogenes, Enterococcus faecalis and Bifidobacterium bifidum (probiotics). Individual body weight of animal were determined after 2 hours postpartum. Monitoring of the growth intensity, as well as health status were done till 56 days of age. Significant effects (P<0.01) of additive supplementation were found in the group with probiotics, in body weight at the age 21 days, as well as at the age of 56 days of life. Significant effect (P<0.01) of probiotics supplementation was found also in daily weight gains of animals. On the base of analyzed results, probiotics in calves nutrition stimulate the body weight.Cílem této studie bylo prokázání vlivu krmných aditiv s protiprůjmovým účinkem na hmotnostní přírůstky a zdraví telat. Do experimentu bylo zařazeno celkem 120 telat. Po narození byla telata rozdělena do tří skupin: Ascophyllum nodosum (hydrolyzát hnědých mořských řas, prebiotikum), kombinaci Lactobacillus sporogenes, Enterococcus faecalis a Bifidobacterium bifidum (probiotikum) a kontrolní skupinu. Všechna telata byla zvážena do dvou hodin po narození. Přírůstky a zdravotní stav byly sledovány od narození do 56. dne věku. Ve srovnání s kontrolní skupinou byl nalezen signifikantní vliv aplikovaných krmných aditiv u probiotické skupiny u hmotnostních přírůstků 21. den po otelení (P<0,01), u hmotnostních přírůstků 56. den po otelení (P<0,01) a průměrných denních přírůstků (P<0,01). Z této studie výplýva, že užívání probiotik, má významný pozitivní vliv na zvýšení přírůstků u telat

Možnosti řešení velkých vrhů selat

The aim of the first experiment was to verify the effectiveness and profitability of providing supplemental feed to piglets. The milk feed mixture of two producers (MFM-1 vs MFM-2) were evaluated (served ad libitum). All piglets were suckled and were fed with the pre-starter feed mixture from the 5th day until the weaning stage. The control group without milk supplements has shown a higher piglet mortality and worse body condition of sows. The usage of milk supplements led to the elimination of the sow body condition loss during the suckling period and reduced feed mixture consumption in sows (P<0.05). The MFM-1 group was found to have a higher consumption of milk supplements, the lowest mortality and the lowest loss of sow body condition (P<0.05). However, from the economic point of view, i.e. the costs on 1 weaned pig, slightly better results have been proven at the MFM-2 milk supplement. In the second experiment sows were divided into 2 groups. In the first group, the piglets were fed with milk substitute and in the second group, nurse sows (15% of the herd) were used. Nurse sows had a longer suckling period and farrowing interval, a slightly lower number of litters per sow per year and by 0.93 lower number weaning piglets per year. Using the milk substitute, generated a higher business profit per year than for nurse sows. However, the fact that nurse sows block the farrowing pen should be taken into account. In case that fewer sows were kept, business profit would be higher.Cílem 1. pokusu bylo ověřit efektivitu a rentabilitu přikrmování selat. Byly hodnocené mléčné směsi dvou výrobců, a to MKS-1 vs. MKS-2 podávané ad libitum. Všechna selata byla kojená a od 5. dne věku do odstavu ve 28 dnech podávaný prestarter. Kontrolní skupina bez přikrmování vykázala vyšší úhyn selat do odstavu a horší kondici prasnic při odstavu. Použití mléčných krmných směsí vedlo k eliminaci ztráty kondice prasnic v období kojení a snížilo spotřebu krmných směsí pro prasnice (P<0,05). U skupiny MKS-1 byla vyšší spotřeba mléčné krmné směsi, nejnižší úhyn a nejmenší ztráta kondice prasnic (P<0,05). Nicméně z hlediska nákladů na 1 odstavené sele, vykázalo mírně lepší výsledky přikrmování mléčnou směsí MKS-2. Ve 2. pokusu byly prasnice rozdělené do 2 skupin. U první skupiny byla selata přikrmovaná mléčnou náhražkou a u druhé skupiny byly využité kojné prasnice, které tvořily 15 % stáda. Kojné prasnice měly delší dobu kojení a délku mezidobí, nepatrně nižší počet vrhů na prasnici za rok a o 0,93 nižší počet dochovaných selat za rok. Při použití mléčné náhražky byl dosažený vyšší podnikatelský zisk za rok než u kojných prasnic. Je však potřeba přihlédnout k tomu, že kojné prasnice blokují porodní kotec. Za předpokladu, že by kojných prasnic bylo chováno méně, podnikatelský zisk by byl vyšší

Vliv četnosti přihrnování na chování zvířat, příjem sušiny a dojivost dojnic

This study evaluated the effect of different feed pushing-up frequencies on the behavior, dry matter intake and milk production of dairy cows in the first lactation. In each monitoring, 32 - 37 dairy cows of Czech spotted cattle at the peak of lactation were represented. After the feed was delivered to cows, the feed was pushed-up 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6 times in 5 different frequencies within 12 hours. Each frequency was monitored for 1 month in four repetitions. The behavior of dairy cows during feeding was monitored for 15 minutes after the feed delivery and after each food pushing-up. We evaluated how often the dairy cows came to the feeding table, how they used mixed ration and milk production. The frequency of feed pushing-ups has shown an effect on the dairy cow\u27s milk yield. As a result of the 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 feed pushing-up frequencies, the average milk production per cow per day was 24.52; 25.84; 25.48; 25.78; 26.03 kg. Also feed conversion increased with the frequency of feed pushing-ups to 1.22; 1.29; 1.25; 1.30 and 1.30 kg of milk from 1 kg of received dry matter. TMR dry matter utilization increased by 1% on average.Tato studie hodnotila vliv různých četností přihrnutí krmiva na chování dojnic, příjem sušiny a mléčnou produkci dojnic na první laktaci. V každém sledování bylo zastoupeno 32 - 37 dojnic českého strakatého skotu na vrcholu laktace. Bylo zvoleno 5 frekvencí přihrnutí krmiva během 12 hodin od jeho založení. Počet přihrnutí byl 2, 3, 4, 5, 6. Doba sledování každé frekvence byla 1 měsíc ve čtyřech opakováních. Chování dojnic během krmení bylo sledováno po dobu 15 minut od založení krmiva a každého přihrnutí. Hodnocena byla návštěvnost dojnic u krmného stolu, využití směsné krmné dávky dojnicí a produkce mléka. Frekvence přihrnování krmiva prokázala vliv na mléčnou užitkovost dojnice. Průměrná produkce mléka na kus a den činila 24,52; 25,84; 25,48; 25,78; 26,03 kg pro frekvence přihrnutí 2, 3, 4, 5 a 6. Konverze krmiva se zvýšila s četností přihrnutí na 1,22; 1,29; 1,25; 1,30; 1,30 kg mléka z 1 kg přijaté sušiny. Využití sušiny TMR se v průměru zvýšilo o 1%

Vliv probiotik ve výživě telat na hmotnostní přírůstky živé hmotnosti a zdravotní stav

This paper aims to monitor the impact of Lactobacillus sporogenes (LS), Saccharomyces cerevisiae (SC), the combination thereof Lactobacillus sporogenes and Saccharomyces cerevisiae (CLS) on the health status and the live weight gain in calves compared to a control group (C). The experiment took place in the period from March 2022 to March 2023. 100 Holstein heifers in the age from 1 to 56 days were included in the experiment. The differences in live weight gain were significant when the live weight gains were compared in the first 14 days after birth between the CLS vs C group (63,36.72 ± 4.81 vs 59.55 ± 4.55, P 0.05. The impact on decrease and duration of diarrhea was not proved statistically P = 0.0634. However, a tendency to decrease the occurrence and duration thereof was proved. The impact of feed additives on the transmission of passive immunity in calves in their first week of life was not proved as statistically significant.Cílem této studie bylo sledovat vliv Lactobacillus sporogenes (LS), Saccharomyces cerevisiae (SC) a jejich kombinaci Lactobacillus sporogenes and Saccharomyces cerevisiae (CLS) na zdravotní stav a přírůstek živé hmotnosti telat oproti skupině kontrolní (C). Pokus se uskutečnil v období březen 2022 až březen 2023. Do pokusu bylo zařazeno celkem 100 holštýnských jaloviček ve stáří 1 až 56 dní. Rozdíly v přírůstku živé hmotnosti byly významné, pokud byly porovnány hmotnostní přírůstky ve 14. dech po narození mezi skupinou CLS vs C (63,36.72 ± 4.81 vs 59.55 ± 4.55, P < 0.05) a v 56 dnech po narození mezi skupinu CLS vs C, LS vs C a SC vs C (87.34 ± 4.95 kg vs 83.15 ± 5.32 kg, P < 0.01; 86.41 ± 5.34 kg vs 83.15 ± 5.32 kg, P < 0.05 a 85.92 ± 5.86 kg vs 83.15 ± 5.32 kg, P < 0.05). Rozdíly v přírůstku živé hmotnosti mezi pokusnými skupinami nebyly statisticky prokázány P > 0.05. Vliv na snížení výskytu a trvání průjmových onemocnění nebyl statisticky prokázán P = 0.0634, ovšem byla zde prokázána tendence ke snížení jejich výskytů a době trvání. Statisticky významný nebyl prokázán vliv krmných aditiv na přenos pasivní imunity u telat v prvním týdnu života

Stochastic Analysis of Profitability of the Pig Breeding Process

This study deals with the economy of agricultural production, specifically in animal farming. The main goal is to find and apply an efficient simulation model of pig breeding process in order to investigate the impact of various changes in the production settings on the economy of a particular pig breeding. For this reason, it is necessary to take values given in the study as model ones. Costs at particular parts of the breeding process were used as the main simulation inputs, together with number of parities, length of farrowing interval, number of weaned piglets depending on a parity number, lactation length, and the gestation length of sows. Additional inputs were price of produced piglets, price of insemination doses etc. Statistical distributions for the simulations of the inputs were obtained with theoretical curve fitting of sample data, which were provided from research projects focused on piglet production efficiency. The empirical distribution of sow profitability depending on the number of parities, which can help to decide about the culling of sows from the herd, was also determined in the research. A simulation was performed using the program @RISK. The obtained results and recommendations are discussed at the end of the paper