Effect of a direct-fed microbial (Eubios 1090) in the presence of antibiotics (Carbadox or CTC-Denagard) on post-weaning pig growth performance and immune response

A study was conducted to determine the effects of a probiotic (Eubios 1090), in the presence of two different antibiotics, on performance in nursery pigs. A total of 216 pigs were weaned at an average of 21 d, blocked by initial body weight (BW = 6.79 kg), and distributed into 32 pens of 6 to 7 pigs per pen in an offsite nursery facility. Pens were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 dietary treatments (8 pens per treatment) that were fed throughout post-weaning phase 1 (day (D) 0 to 10), phase 2 (D 10 to 20), and phase 3 (D 20 to 34). Dietary treatments were: 1) Carbadox without Eubios 1090; 2) Chlortetracycline + Tiamulin (CTC-Denagard) without Eubios 1090; 3) Carbadox + Eubios 1090; and 4) CTC-Denagard + Eubios 1090. There was no interaction observed between the two antibiotics and addition of the probiotic. There was a tendency for greater gain to feed ratio (G:F) in phase 2 when nursery pigs received Carbadox compared to CTC-Denagard (P = 0.08), and a tendency for greater average daily feed intake (ADFI) in the overall nursery period when pigs were fed CTCDenagard compared to Carbadox (P = 0.10). Pigs that received the non-Eubios 1090 diets had greater average daily gain (ADG), G:F, and body weight (BW) during phase 2 compared to pigs that received diets containing Eubios 1090 (P = 0.05). In phase 3, pigs receiving the Eubios 1090 diet had increased ADG and G:F (P = 0.05). Between the Carbadox diet and the CTC-Denagard diet, the diet containing CTC-Denagard increased ADFI throughout the 3 phases. In summary, probiotic supplementation demonstrated negative effects in phase 2 and positive effects to growth performance in nursery pigs during the latter part of early post-weaning (phase 3)

Testing the Efficiency of Vertically Aligned Gold Nanowires on a Titanium Needle Implantable Neural Electrodes in the Rattus Norvegicus Hippocampus

Miniaturized multi-electrode arrays are MEMS devices that have found use as neural prosthetics (Neuro-MEMS). As implants they can interface with neurons as sensors or actuators and help compensate for loss of sensory input, motor control, or cognitive function. The micro-electrodes, studied here, were developed in-house. They have a vertically aligned gold nanowire array and are mounted on a sturdy fine gauge titanium needle. Hence, the bill of materials and design characteristics encourage its use as neural probe. For this study, a probe was tested in vivo for signal acquisition in the hippocampus of a Rattus Norvegicus (Sprague Dawley Rat). Using an Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) approved protocol, the neural probe was deployed in the CA1 region of the hippocampus of a sedated rat. The signal was obtained as voltage against time and it was filtered for isolated spikes of neural activity, which were sorted in form of a Spike Train-Raster Plot. The qualitative evaluation of data, obtained through the newly developed neural probe, was used as ground work to decide on future research and discuss possible clinical impacts

Impact of stressing a pen mate on physiological responses of growing pigs

Crossbred barrows and gilts (n = 36), weighing 16.59 ± 2.1 kg, were used to test the effects of stressing a pen mate on the physiological responses of growing pigs. Pigs were randomly allotted to 6 groups after stratifying according to gender, litter origin, and body weight. Dominance order was determined within each group, and 1 to 3 d prior to the stress treatment the most- and leastdominant pigs within a group were fitted with indwelling catheters in their vena cavas. Over 3 d, groups were either: 1) isolated from audile and visual contact with stressed pigs in a separate room (non-stressed control); 2) separated by a curtain from visual contact with stressed pigs; or 3) allowed to maintain audile and visual contact with stressed pigs. Blood samples were collected 30, 15, and 0 min before exposure to the stressor (snout-snare) treatment and again at 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7.5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 min after stressor application. Serum cortisol and plasma glucose, lactate, and nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) concentrations were measured. There were no treatment × sampling-time interactions (P \u3e 0.17) for concentrations of cortisol, glucose, lactate or NEFA, nor were these metabolites affected by stressor treatment (P \u3e 0.42). Humoral measures of the stress response were not affected by visual and/or audile contact with pen mates undergoing a stressful event

The identification of the inorganic components in the calcareous corpuscles from Mesocestoides corti

The inorganic components in calcareous corpuscles from Mesocestoides corti have been identified by use of powder x-ray diffraction and emission spectroscopy. Difference methods were compared for the isolation of the calcareous corpuscles from the residual tissue of the Mesocestoides corti. Previously reported and newly developed methods for the isolation are discussed. Analyses by powder x-ray diffraction for in vivo samples which had been heated at various temperatures ranging from room temperature to 1000°C are reported. The qualitative emission spectrographic analyses for in vivo and in vitro corpuscles are reported for normal systems and systems designed to study the ion uptake of the corpuscles. The relationship between the corpuscles’ composition and the parasites’ environment is discussed. A method for the quantitative emission spectrographic analysis was initiated for the percent calcium and magnesium. There is a linear relationship between the intensities and the percent calcium or magnesium

1987 Changes to Lump Sum Payment Provisions in the Montana Workers\u27 Compensation Act

1987 Changes to Lump Sum Payment Provisions in the Montana Workers\u27 Compensation Ac

Identifying C-mannosylatedproteins in RAW264.7 cells via in vitro HSC70 Co-immunoprecipitation strategies

C-mannosylation is a specific type of glycosylation in which α-mannose is covalently bound to the C2 atom of a tryptophan via a carbon-carbon bond. Presently, it is known to occur on proteins that contain the W-x-x-W-x-x-W/C motif found within the Thrombospondin Type-1 Repeat (TSR), with ‘x’ denoting any amino acid. C-mannosylation has been implicated in a number of cellular functions, including protein secretion and type I cytokine receptor function. Previous research has shown that exogenous C-mannosylated peptides derived from TSR-containing proteins upregulate the production of the pro-inflammatory cytokine Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha (TNF-α) in RAW264.7 macrophage cells. This upregulation is substantially increased in the presence of Hsc70. When these peptides are internalized by RAW264.7 cells, a binding interaction occurs between the two proteins, which also correlates with increased TNF-α levels. With the knowledge that exogenous C-mannosylated peptides and Hsc70 can influence cytokine production, this study has focused on identifying endogenous C-mannosylated proteins in RAW264.7 cells that interact with Hsc70. The potential of a naturally occurring interaction between these two proteins could elucidate the importance of C-mannosylation in the innate immune response. Through Hsc70 co-immunoprecipitation, a potentially C-mannosylated protein has been identified in Junctophilin-1 (JPH1). JPH1 forms a junctional membrane complex (JMC) between the endoplasmic reticulum and plasma membrane of excitable cells, facilitating communication between calcium ion release channels. Tandem mass spectrometry data suggests that the hexose appears on a single tryptophan in a peptide bearing the sequence: E-G-E-W-A-N-N-K. This indicates that JPH1 may be an example of noncanonical C-mannosylation. To further explore the status of JPH1 as a C-mannosylated protein, the protein was overexpressed in HEK293T cells. This experiment showed that JPH1 was not C-mannosylated in HEK293T cells. Noting the lack of modification, reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was performed with both RAW264.7 and HEK293T RNA. These experiments showed that all known C-mannosyltransferase homologs (DPY19L1-4) were expressed in HEK293T cells, while only DPY19L1 and L4 were expressed in RAW cells. Further work is being conducted to overexpress JPH1 in RAW264.7 cells to determine why, or if, JPH1 is C-mannosylated in this particular cell line

Socio-Economic Stability and Independence of Appalachian Women

This study researched Appalachian women who were in emotional, social, or economic reliant relationships with male spouses and became socio-economically stable and independent. This effort is to give Appalachian women voice and learn from their accounts of how they led change by financially, physically, and socially providing for themselves and their dependent children. Research is limited to a particular group of white middle class Appalachian women in the North-Central sub-region of Appalachia. This group was chosen because they have been largely overlooked in the literature. However, this study does not answer questions of all women‘s experiences and barriers in Appalachia. African American, Hispanic, and other minority women are not represented. It is my hope the stories of these women who successfully overcame significant challenges in creating socio-economic stability in their homes provide a positive role model for other women of the region. Through a set of criteria, 15 Appalachian women ages 34 to 74 that left their first marriage, were socio-economically stable and independent were interviewed. Confidential interviews recorded participants’ life stories. Each woman discussed her experience in her own voice and explained how she led change in her family‘s life. The stories were coded for major themes using NVivo 8 software. An adaptation of situational mapping was used to contextualize the primary themes. Generational influences emerged as an important theme and three narratives, one for each generational group, are retold as exemplars highlighting the primary themes, Appalachian Characterization, Generational Issues, Children, Economic Independence, Education, Reasons for Leaving, Social Support, and Self-Leadership. Appalachian education experts affirmed the significance of the themes and situated them in the cultural context of the region. Analysis of the narratives and the situational map shows the significance of economic independence, social support, and place to their life stories. Identification of Appalachian women self-leading provides an important addition to the Appalachian studies literature. The electronic version of the dissertation is accessible in the open-access OhioLINK ETD Center https://etd.ohiolink.edu/

Socio-Economic Stability and Independence of Appalachian Women

This study researched Appalachian women who were in emotional, social, or economic reliant relationships with male spouses and became socio-economically stable and independent. This effort is to give Appalachian women voice and learn from their accounts of how they led change by financially, physically, and socially providing for themselves and their dependent children. Research is limited to a particular group of white middle class Appalachian women in the North-Central sub-region of Appalachia. This group was chosen because they have been largely overlooked in the literature. However, this study does not answer questions of all women‘s experiences and barriers in Appalachia. African American, Hispanic, and other minority women are not represented. It is my hope the stories of these women who successfully overcame significant challenges in creating socio-economic stability in their homes provide a positive role model for other women of the region. Through a set of criteria, 15 Appalachian women ages 34 to 74 that left their first marriage, were socio-economically stable and independent were interviewed. Confidential interviews recorded participants’ life stories. Each woman discussed her experience in her own voice and explained how she led change in her family‘s life. The stories were coded for major themes using NVivo 8 software. An adaptation of situational mapping was used to contextualize the primary themes. Generational influences emerged as an important theme and three narratives, one for each generational group, are retold as exemplars highlighting the primary themes, Appalachian Characterization, Generational Issues, Children, Economic Independence, Education, Reasons for Leaving, Social Support, and Self-Leadership. Appalachian education experts affirmed the significance of the themes and situated them in the cultural context of the region. Analysis of the narratives and the situational map shows the significance of economic independence, social support, and place to their life stories. Identification of Appalachian women self-leading provides an important addition to the Appalachian studies literature. The electronic version of the dissertation is accessible in the open-access OhioLINK ETD Center https://etd.ohiolink.edu/