Perfil audiométrico de trabalhadores do distrito industrial de Maracanaú - CE Audiometric profile of Maracanaú's industrial district workers

OBJETIVO: Estabelecer o perfil audiométrico de trabalhadores expostos ao ruído, acima do nível de ação (85 dB), em empresas do Distrito Industrial de Maracanaú, Ceará. MÉTODOS: Foi realizado um estudo descritivo de prevalência a partir da avaliação de dados de exames audiométricos, coletados de arquivos das empresas pesquisadas realizados no período de abril a outubro de 2006. Foram avaliados 5372 trabalhadores das 47 (52,80%) empresas que autorizaram a pesquisa e as variáveis analisadas foram: faixa etária, tempo total de exposição ao ruído, estado da acuidade auditiva, tipo de perda auditiva, lateralidade da perda auditiva e configuração audiométrica sugestiva de perda auditiva induzida por ruído nos trabalhadores e setor da atividade econômica e porte da empresa. RESULTADOS: Constatou-se que 19,00% da população estudada apresentaram alteração, predominando a perda auditiva sensório neural em 90,67% dos casos. Em 12,71% da população estudada observou-se quadro sugestivo de perda auditiva induzida por ruído (PAIR) e, em 71,77% da população portadora de perda auditiva sensório neural, há indícios de PAIR. Em relação à lateralidade da perda, 39,09% é unilateral, sendo 24,03% unilateral esquerda. CONCLUSÕES: Apesar dos resultados não representarem a prevalência total de perdas auditivas do Distrito, eles apontam para a necessidade não apenas de realização de audiometrias ocupacionais pontuais, mas também de monitoramento da audição dos trabalhadores de forma longitudinal, como parte de um programa de conservação auditiva.<br>PURPOSE: To establish the audiometric profile of workers exposed to noise above the action level (85 dB) in Maracanaú's Industrial District, Ceará (Brazil). METHODS: A descriptive study of prevalence was carried out through the evaluation of audiometric data gathered from the files of the researched companies between April and October of 2006. There were 5372 workers evaluated, from the 47 (52,80%) companies that authorized the study. The studied variables were: age range, total period of exposition to noise, auditory acuity status, type of hearing loss, hearing loss laterality and audiometric configuration suggestive of noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) in workers, economic activity trade and size of the company. RESULTS: It was observed that 19% of the studied population presented alterations, with predominance of sensory neural hearing loss (SNHL) in 90.67% of the cases. In 12.71% of the population suggestive signs of noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) were observed, and in 71.77% of the population with SNHL there were signs of NIHL. Regarding laterality of the hearing loss, 39.09% was unilateral, from which 24.03% was on the left ear. CONCLUSION: Although the results do not represent the total prevalence of hearing loss in the District, they point out to the necessity not only to perform occupational audiometry, but also to longitudinally monitor the hearing of these workers as part of a hearing conservation program

A panoramic view of the immune response to Trypanosoma cruzi infection

Chagas disease is a complex disorder in which the immunological response developed by the host plays a fundamental role, not only in the clearance of the parasite but also in the inflammatory status observed in specific affected tissues. Chagas disease has two phases, acute and chronic, the latter being established in those cases where treatment with currently available anti-parasitic drugs (Nifurtimox and Benznidazole) is either not applied or not effective. During the chronic phase, the disease may remain without any detectable symptoms for several decades, or progress toward cardiac, digestive, neurological forms, or even a combination of these alterations. The immune response developed in all of these conditions is flowery and comprises humoral and cellular components; however the clearance of the parasite is incomplete due to the multiple mechanisms that T. cruzi deploys in order to perpetuate itself within the host.Here, we make an extensive review of T. cruzi-host immune response interactions with special attention on human models, and also referring to the particular clinical scenario of etiological treatment in Chagas disease.Fil: Acevedo, Gonzalo Raúl. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular "Dr. Héctor N. Torres"; ArgentinaFil: Girard, Magalí Celeste. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular "Dr. Héctor N. Torres"; ArgentinaFil: Gomez, Karina Andrea. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular "Dr. Héctor N. Torres"; Argentin