Stability of half quantum vortex in rotating superfluid 3He-A between parallel plates

We have found the precise stability region of the half quantum vortex (HQV) for superfluid $^3$He A phase confined in parallel plates with a narrow gap under rotation. Standard Ginzburg-Landau free energy, which is well established, is solved to locate the stability region spanned by temperature $T$ and rotation speed ($/Omega$). This $/Omega$-$T$ stability region is wide enough to check it experimentally in available experimental setup. The detailed order parameter structure of HQV characterized by A$_1$ core is given to facilitate the physical reasons of its stability over other vortices or textures.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure

Why e-readers succeeded as a disruptive innovation in the US, but not in Japan

Amazon is part of the answer: in Japan no one offered a large selection of e-books to feed the devices, write Mark E. Parry and Tomoko Kawakam

Half-Quantum Vortices in Thin Film of Superfluid 3^3He

Stability of a half-quantum vortex (HQV) in superfluid $^3$He has been discussed recently by Kawakami, Tsutsumi and Machida in Phys. Rev. B {\bf 79}, 092506 (2009). We further extend this work here and consider the A$_2$ phase of superfluid $^3$He confined in thin slab geometry and analyze the HQV realized in this setting. Solutions of HQV and singly quantized singular vortex are evaluated numerically by solving the Ginzburg-Landau (GL) equation and respective first critical angular velocities are obtained by employing these solutions. We show that the HQV in the A$_2$ phase is stable near the boundary between the A$_2$ and A$_1$ phases. It is found that temperature and magnetic field must be fixed first in the stable region and subsequently the angular velocity of the system should be increased from zero to a sufficiently large value to create a HQV with sufficiently large probability. A HQV does not form if the system starts with a fixed angular velocity and subsequently the temperature is lowered down to the A$_2$ phase. It is estimated that the external magnetic field with strength on the order of 1 T is required to have a sufficiently large domain in the temperature-magnetic field phase diagram to have a stable HQV.Comment: 5 pages, 5 figure

Renormalized Harmonic-Oscillator Description of Confined Electron Systems with Inverse-Square Interaction

An integrable model for SU($\nu$) electrons with inverse-square interaction is studied for the system with confining harmonic potential. We develop a new description of the spectrum based on the {\it renormalized harmonic-oscillators} which incorporate interaction effects via the repulsion of energy levels. This approach enables a systematic treatment of the excitation spectrum as well as the ground-state quantities.Comment: RevTex, 7 page

Investigation of the behavior of ventilated supercavities

The topic of supercavitation is of considerable interest to drag reduction and/or speed augmentation in marine vehicles. Supercavitating vehicles need to be supplied with an artificial cavity through ventilation until they accelerate to conditions at which a natural supercavity can be sustained. A study has been carried out in the high-speed water tunnel at St. Anthony Falls Laboratory to investigate some aspects of the flow physics of such a supercavitating vehicle. During the present experimental work, the ventilated supercavity formed behind a sharp-edged disk was investigated utilizing several different configurations. Results regarding cavity shape, cavity closure and ventilation requirements versus cavitation number and Froude number are presented. Additionally, effects related to flow choking in a water tunnel test section are discussed. Results obtained are similar in character to previously reported results, but differ significantly in measured values. Cavity shape, particularly aft of the maximum cavity diameter, is found to be a strong function of the model support scheme chosen.http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/84292/1/CAV2009-final111.pd

Effects of surface characteristics on hydrofoil cavitation

This was an exploratory research project aimed at capitalizing on our recent research experience with unsteady partially cavitating flows. Earlier work identified the significant and unexpected effect of surface properties and water quality on the dynamics of these flows. The aim of this study was to explore the possibility of using hydrophobic surfaces to control or minimize unwanted vibration and unstable operation in the partially cavitating regime. A candidate shape, denoted as the Cav2003 hydrofoil, was selected on the basis of theoretical analysis for a given range of contact angle. We manufactured three hydrofoils of identical cross section, but different surface characteristics. Three different surfaces were studied: anodized aluminium (hydrophilic), Teflon (hydrophobic), and highly polished stainless steel (hydrophobic). Contact angle was measured with a photographic technique developed by three of the undergraduates working on the project. Studies were made in both weak and strong water. Significant surface effects were found, but were unexpected in the sense that they did not correlate with measured contact angles.http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/84293/1/CAV2009-final112.pd