ミナミ アフリカ キョウワコク ガ メザス スウガク ノ ガクリョク ト コウコウ シンカリキュラム ノ コウサツ

Teacher training of science and mathematics of the Republic of South Africa is carried out in cooperation of Naruto University of Education and Hiroshima University, JICA from 1998. Now, educational support is performed as the Mpumalanga Secondary Science Initiative (MSSI). In this paper, I clarify their ideas of the mathematics education with considering the unit of textbook based on mathematics curriculum of the grade 12th along Curriculum2005 which is already carried out in the Republic of South Africa

ミクロネシア ３ゴク サンスウ シドウリョク コウジョウ セミナー ニオケル ケンシュウ ノ ジッサイ ト コンゴ ノ テンボウ

In 2007, an in-service seminar for arithmetic education was held on Pohnpei island in the Federated states of Micronesia by the JICA office in Micronesia. The content of this seminar and some specific ideas from this seminar are reported here

パラオコク ニオケル ショトウ チュウトウ サンスウ・スウガク キョウイク コウジョウ ノ コンゴ ノ テンボウ

In 2008, 14 th Education Convention was held in Republic of Palau. The content of arithmetic and mathematics education of this convention and the content of discussion with JOCV are reported here. Palau put away the power of mathematics education with eager motivation now

「チュウトウ チイキ ショウガッコウ リスウカ キョウイク カイゼン」 ケンシュウイン ノ キョウザイ ケンキュウ ト ソノ トリクミ ノ ジッサイ

From 2007 to 2009, Science & Mathematics Education Improvement for Middle East was held at Naruto University of Education in Tokushima. The trainee tried to improve teaching materials for science and mathematics classes there. These improvements of them are reported here. They had high motivation for improving science and mathematics teaching materials

ガクシュウ シドウ ニオケル ゲンゴ カツドウ ノ ジュウジツ ノ タメ ノ イチホウサク : チュウガッコウ コウトウ ガッコウ キョウショク ダイガクイン ニオケル ジュギョウ ジッセン カラ ノ コウサツ

Improvement of language abilities in each subjects are required at all schools in Japan now. Course of study says all schools in Japan also must cultivate students’ abilities of thinking, decision with evidence and presentation. Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology has already provided introduction textbooks for teachers on improvement of language abilities. Many teachers use and refer these textbooks now. This paper comes up with using language arts technique for each subjects in Japan and shows importance of exploring for teaching materials and teaching methods by two lesson studies using language arts technique at graduate school and middle school

Clonal identification and characterization of self-renewing pluripotent stem cells in the developing liver

Using flow cytometry and single cell–based assays, we prospectively identified hepatic stem cells with multilineage differentiation potential and self-renewing capability. These cells could be clonally propagated in culture where they continuously produced hepatocytes and cholangiocytes as descendants while maintaining primitive stem cells. When cells that expanded in vitro were transplanted into recipient animals, they morphologically and functionally differentiated into hepatocytes and cholangiocytes with reconstitution of hepatocyte and bile duct structures. Furthermore, these cells differentiated into pancreatic ductal and acinar cells or intestinal epithelial cells when transplanted into pancreas or duodenal wall. These data indicate that self-renewing pluripotent stem cells persist in the developing mouse liver and that such cells can be induced to become cells of other organs of endodermal origin under appropriate microenvironment. Manipulation of hepatic stem cells may provide new insight into therapies for diseases of the digestive system

IHTC14-22317 THE DEVELOPMENT OF PEFORMANCE PREDICTION METHODS FOR AN AUTOMOTIVE CO 2 AIR CONDITIONING CYCLE

ABSTRACT In previous researches, we have been focusing on the performance of the each element heat transfer and hydraulic performance of refrigeration cycle. Experimental investigations have been repeated several times and, finally, we have substantial data base including the effect of lubricant oil. Moreover, the mal-distribution of two-phase in an evaporator can be also predicted from the experimental data base. Under these circumstances, this study is intended to effectively put the construction of an automotive CO 2 air conditioning system into practical design use through the simulation using the abovementioned data base. This paper describes the refrigeration cycle performance prediction of each element (e.g. an evaporator, a gas-cooler, and so on) by a simulation using substantial data base and various available correlations proposed by us and several other researchers. In the performance prediction model of heat exchangers, local heat transfer and flow characteristics are considered and in addition, the effects of lubricant oil on heat transfer and pressure drop are duly considered. The comparison is also made between simulation results and bench test results using a real automotive air conditioning system. Finally, the developed simulation method can predict the cooling ability successfully within ±5%. By incorporating the lubricant oil effect, the simulation results are improved to ±5% and ±15% for the cooling ability and pressure drop respectively. INTRODUCION Due to the increasing environmental concern, the reduction of greenhouse effect gas, particularly, CO 2 emission and the direct leak of HCFC and HFC's have been considered to be among most important subjects in the field of refrigeration and airconditioning system. At present, the demand for the higher efficiency of a refrigeration system (COP) increases. More recently, the possibility of global warming potential (GWP) is extremely large, and the conventional refrigerant can go ahead through the policy that does not recognize a chlorofluorocarbon alternative to the refrigerant for car air-conditioners positively in EU particular, and the interest for natural refrigerant increases. Among various candidates of natural refrigerants, CO 2 is environmentally safe, being not toxic and non-flammable, so CO 2 has advantages for practical reasons. Moreover, CO 2 possesses a low viscosity, high specific heat, and high thermal conductivity. In general, it has excellent thermodynamic and transport properties as a refrigerant. On the other hand, however, since CO 2 has high critical pressure and its critical temperature is low, it becomes a transcritical cycle and the COP becomes low when compared with conventional refrigerants. Therefore, the high efficiency of heat exchangers is inevitable and it is necessary to grasp the plenary heat transfer coefficients and the basic characteristics of pressure drop in an evaporator and in a gas cooler. Moreover, it presents other problems; for example, the performance deteriorates because the lubricant oil contaminates into the refrigerant in a real working system. So various efforts have been made to investigate these aspects. Although a lot of evaporation heat transfer data are available in literature (Koyama 2004 (1) , Yamada 2004 (2) , Katsuta 2006 (3) ) and it is recognized that the evaporation heat transfer is very sensitive for lubricant oil concentration rate (OCR), few investigations have addressed to the effect of OCR and its prediction. The objective of this research, therefore, is to investigate the effect of oil mixing rate on the thermal and hydraulic characteristics using CO 2 as working refrigerant. In previous researches, we have been focusing on the performance of the each element heat transfer and hydraulic performance. Experimental investigations have been repeated several times and, finally, we have substantial data bas

High intensity all-out exhaustive exercise enhances taste sensitivity to sour but not to sweet compounds.

Sensitivity of taste sensations following exercise has been the focus of several studies with the outcomes somewhat equivocal and seemingly dependent on the type, duration, and intensity of exercise. Very few studies have looked at the infl uence of high intensity all-out exhaustive exercise on taste sensitivities and the purpose of present study was to assess the infl uence of this high-level of exercise on sensitivity to sweet and sour compounds. Four healthy young adult males and one female (mean ± SD: 23.2 ± 5.5 yrs) served as subjects. The exercise load was set to 80% of the maximal workload. The exercise trials required the subject to pedal an ergometer at the prescribed load until exhaustion, rest for three minutes, and then repeat this load until exhaustion again. Taste sensitivities to six levels of concentrations of sweet (sucrose) and sour (citric acid) compounds were assessed by the triangle test method before and after (10 mins.) completing the exercise. Each subject repeated the exercise on five separate occasions. The distinction rate for each compound concentration for each subject was calculated using inverse sine transformation. The derived sensitivity values were then analyzed by two way repeated measures ANOVA. The sensitivity to sucrose was not affected by exercise (p>0.05), nor was any interaction evident between the sucrose concentrations and exercise (p>0.05). However, sensitivity to citric acid was affected by the exercise (F1,4=14.09, P<0.02) with a much higher level of sensitivity following exercise. We believe that these outcomes provide additional direction for further study on the impact of exercise on specifi c taste sensitivities