EFFECT OF METHANOLIC FRACTION OF KALANCHOE CRENATA ON RENAL MORPHOPHYSIOLOGY IN ADRIAMYCIN-INDUCED IMPAIRED KIDNEY IN RATS

Objectives: The effect of methanolic extract of Kalanchoe crenata (MEKC) was investigated on renal morphology and function in adriamycin-induced kidney impairment in rats.Methods: Ether anesthetized rats received three intravenous injections (days 0, 14, 28) of 2 mg/kg body weight of adriamycin. Repeated doses of the extract (0, 50 and 68 mg/kg bw) and losartan (10 mg/kg bw) were administered orally once daily, for 6 weeks, to adriamycin- nephropathic rats. Kidney functions were assessed through proteinuria, creatinemia and creatinuria, renal malondialdehyde (MDA) level, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and morphology analyses.Results: The 50 and 68 mg/kg MEKC, as the losartan, decreased proteinuria: -63.74 % and -64.94 % respectively, significantly (P<0.01) increased the creatinuria and the creatinuria/creatinemia ratio, and also decreased the creatinemia in diseased rats. The plant extracts markedly (P<0.05) increased plasma sodium, and decreased (P<0.01) the urinary sodium and potassium levels. The MEKC has remarkably (P<0.01) decreased the level of the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and increased the SOD level in nephropathic rats. The extract has improved the damage of kidney induced by adriamycin.Conclusion: The results indicate that the treatment with the K. crenata methanolic extract may improve proteinuria and all the symptoms that breed from nephropathy, and could improve kidney morphology. Therefore, K. crenata could be promising for the development of a standardized phytomedicine for the treatment of kidney disease.Â

ANTIMICROBIAL AND ANTIDIARRHEAL EFFECTS OF FOUR CAMEROON MEDICINAL PLANTS: DICHROCEPHALA INTEGRIFOLIA, DIOSCOREA PREUSII, MELENIS MINUTIFLORA, AND TRICALYSIA OKELENSIS

Objective: In order to verify the antidiarrheal activities of Dichrocephala integrifolia, Dioscorea preusii, Melenis minutiflora, Tricalysia okelensis, the in vitro antimicrobial effect on Salmonella typhi, Escherichia coli, Shigella dysenteriae A1 and Candida albicans, and the in vivo antidiarrheal activities on the intestine transit of the hydroethanol (v/v) plants extracts were studied. Methods: The antimicrobial effect of the extracts was assayed in vitro by the disc diffusion and the agar dilution methods. For in vivo study, male and female mice received per os castor oil and one hour later different doses of the extracts. Results: In vitro, D. integrifolia, D. preusii, M. minutiflora, and T. okelensis extract showed concentration-dependent activity against all the tested microbial strains with the inhibition zone ranged from 08 to 24 mm. D. integrifolia 0.5 mg/mL showed the lowest MIC on Candida albicans. The M. minutiflora and D. integrifolia MIC was 3 mg/mL on Escherichia coli and Shigella dysenteriae A1. In vivo, D. integrifolia, D. preusii, T. okelensis extract at 50 and 100 mg/kg bw and M. minutiflora 75 and 150 mg/kg bw significantly (P< 0.01) inhibited the intestinal charcoal transit. D. integrifolia 100 mg/kg bw exhibited the highest inhibition rate, 70%. Conclusion: These results suggest that D. integrifolia, D. preusii, M. minutiflora and T. okelensis extracts possesses antimicrobial and antidiarrheal properties, could be effective for diarrhea treating, and could thus justify their use in traditional medicine to treat diarrhea. D. integrifolia could have the most efficiency antimicrobial properties

Stress et diarrhee chez le lapereau : etude endocrinologique, biochimique et morphologique : role de l'A.C.T.H

SIGLECNRS T Bordereau / INIST-CNRS - Institut de l'Information Scientifique et TechniqueFRFranc

Activity of aqueous ethanol extract of Euphorbia prostrata ait on Shigella dysenteriae type 1-induced diarrhea in rats

Aim: Euphorbia prostrata   (Euphorbiaceae) is traditionally used in Cameroon for the treatment of many diseases, including diarrhea. We investigated the acute toxicity and effect of the aqueous ethanol extract of the plant on gastrointestinal propulsion, in vitro bacterial growth and in vivo bacillary dysentery. Materials and Methods: Diarrhea was induced by oral administration of 12 x 10 8 Shigella dysenteriae type 1 (Sd1) cells. Diarrheic rats were treated for 5 days with 10, 20 or 40 mg/kg extract or 20 mg/kg norfloxacin. The faeces frequencies and the number of Sd1 were assessed and the death rate recorded. Results: The aqueous ethanol extract of E. prostrata was not toxic. In vitro, the minimal inhibitory and minimal bactericidal concentrations of the extract were 3,500 and 12,000 µg/ml, respectively. In vivo, diarrhea went along with increase in faeces frequency (P < 0.01 by the 3 rd day), increase in the bacterial population to a maximum on the 2 nd day after infection (P < 0.01). The death rate in diarrheic control group was 100% by day 6. E. prostrata extracts (20 and 40 mg/kg), like norfloxacin, reduced the bacterial growth (P < 0.01), so that by the 6 th day Sd1 density was < 100 and no death was recorded. There was a significant (P < 0.01) reduction in faeces frequencies. The extract exhibited notable (P < 0.01) inhibition of intestinal propulsion. Conclusion: The results suggest that E. prostrata possesses bactericidal and antidiarrheic properties and could be a therapeutic alternative for diarrheas of bacterial etiology