Tunable pulse delay and advancement in a coupled nanomechanical resonator-superconducting microwave cavity system

We theoretically study the transmission of a weak probe field under the influence of a strong pump field in a coupled nanomechanical resonator-superconducting microwave cavity system. Using the standard input-output theory, we find that both pulse delay (slow light effect) and advancement (fast light effect) of the probe field can appear in this coupled system provided that we choose the suitable detuning of the pump field from cavity resonance. The magnitude of the delay (advancement) can be tuned continuously by adjusting the power of the pump field. This technique demonstrates great potential in applications including microwave phase shifter and delay line.Comment: 12pages, 3 figure

Domestic abuse: Growth curve modeling of harm across repeat incidents with police data

This is the final version. Available from SAGE Publications via the DOI in this record. This paper analyzes trajectories of harm across repeat domestic abuse (DA) incidents using data from one police force in England and Wales matched with the Crime Harm Index. We use growth curve modeling to identify incident and offender-victim (dyad) predictors of harm. High Incident dyads with four or more DA cases ( N = 2,610) have a non-linear decrease in harm across incidents, with distinct trajectories for Intimate Partners and male offenders. The Power Few dyads, the 5% of dyads responsible for 85% of cumulative harm, ( N = 133) show a decrease in harm across incidents, with distinct trajectories for DA specialists who are only known to police for DA. While acknowledging the limitations, this study suggests important policy implications

Police Use of TASER: Multi-Level Predictors of Firing and Drawing in One-to-One Use of Force Incidents

This is the final version. Available on open access from SAGE Publications via the DOI in this recordData availability statement: Further information on the dataset used and findings of this study may be available on request from the corresponding author, A.D. The data are not publicly available due to their containing information that could compromise the privacy of research participants.Using multi-level modelling, this article analyses data from 16 police agencies in England and Wales where one officer, carrying TASER, used force on one member of the public (N = 11,176). When compared to incidents involving handcuffing only, resistance, gender and mental health status of the member of the public and the need to protect officers or others were associated with increased odds of TASER drawing and firing. Incidents involving lone officers increased odds of firing compared to incidents where they were accompanied by an officer not using force. Compared to the White reference category, incidents involving Black/Black British members of the public, or a male officer, were associated with increased odds of drawing compared to handcuffing. Incidents involving Asian/Asian British members of the public, or children, were associated with decreased odds. As the proportion of incidents where TASER was carried increased, odds of use decreased.Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC

(±)-Cyclo­hexane-1,2-diyl bis­(4-nitro­benzoate)

The crystal structure of the title compound, C20H18N2O8, has been investigated to establish the relative stereochemistry between the ester groups. The cyclo­hexane ring adopts a chair conformation, in which the two ester groups occupy the adjacent equatorial positions in a trans relationship with each other. The mol­ecules assemble in the crystal as chains along the c axis via C—H⋯π inter­actions between the cyclo­hexane ring and a pair of nitro­phenyl rings of the neighbouring mol­ecule. Also observed are π–π stacking inter­actions between the nitro­phenyl rings of neighbouring chains, with a perpendicular distance between these rings of 3.409 Å and a slippage of 0.969 Å

(±)-2′-Phenyl­cyclo­hexa­nespiro-4′-(aze­pano[1,2-b]isoxazolidine)

In the crystal structure of the racemic title isoxazolidine, C19H27NO, the relative stereochemistry between the phenyl group and the bridgehead H atom is shown to be syn. There are two mol­ecules in the asymmetric unit, one of which is the 7R*,13R* enanti­omer, and one of which is the 7S*,13S* enanti­omer. These enanti­omers adopt different orientations of the phenyl ring with respect to the isoxazolidine ring, with C—C—C—C torsion angles of 63.6 (4) and 86.8 (4)°, respectively. In both enanti­omers, the six-membered ring adopts a chair conformation, while the seven-membered ring adopts a twist-chair conformation

(1R,1′R,3S,3′S)-5,5′,10,10′-Tetra­meth­oxy-1,1′,3,3′-tetra­methyl-3,3′,4,4′-tetra­hydro-1H,1′H-8,8′-bi[benzo[g]isochromene]

In the title compound, C34H38O6, the methyl groups on each pyran ring exhibit 1,3-cis stereochemistry, established during synthesis by pseudo-axial delivery of hydride during a lactol reduction step. In the crystal structure, the mol­ecule lies on a twofold rotation axis and the torsion angle about the central diaryl bond is 41.3 (1)°. The mol­ecules pack in a herringbone arrangement

Combining frequency and time domain approaches to systems with multiple spike train input and output

A frequency domain approach and a time domain approach have been combined in an investigation of the behaviour of the primary and secondary endings of an isolated muscle spindle in response to the activity of two static fusimotor axons when the parent muscle is held at a fixed length and when it is subjected to random length changes. The frequency domain analysis has an associated error process which provides a measure of how well the input processes can be used to predict the output processes and is also used to specify how the interactions between the recorded processes contribute to this error. Without assuming stationarity of the input, the time domain approach uses a sequence of probability models of increasing complexity in which the number of input processes to the model is progressively increased. This feature of the time domain approach was used to identify a preferred direction of interaction between the processes underlying the generation of the activity of the primary and secondary endings. In the presence of fusimotor activity and dynamic length changes imposed on the muscle, it was shown that the activity of the primary and secondary endings carried different information about the effects of the inputs imposed on the muscle spindle. The results presented in this work emphasise that the analysis of the behaviour of complex systems benefits from a combination of frequency and time domain methods

A simple cobalt-based catalyst system for the controlled dehydropolymerisation of H3B·NMeH2 on the gram-scale

A simple Co(ii)-based amine-borane dehydropolymerisation catalyst system is reported that operates at low loadings, to selectively give (H2BNMeH)n polymer on scale, with catalyst control over Mn, narrow dispersities and low residual metal content

Biotic and abiotic retention, recycling and remineralization of metals in the ocean

Trace metals shape both the biogeochemical functioning and biological structure of oceanic provinces. Trace metal biogeochemistry has primarily focused on modes of external supply of metals from aeolian, hydrothermal, sedimentary and other sources. However, metals also undergo internal transformations such as abiotic and biotic retention, recycling and remineralization. The role of these internal transformations in metal biogeochemical cycling is now coming into focus. First, the retention of metals by biota in the surface ocean for days, weeks or months depends on taxon-specific metal requirements of phytoplankton, and on their ultimate fate: that is, viral lysis, senescence, grazing and/or export to depth. Rapid recycling of metals in the surface ocean can extend seasonal productivity by maintaining higher levels of metal bioavailability compared to the influence of external metal input alone. As metal-containing organic particles are exported from the surface ocean, different metals exhibit distinct patterns of remineralization with depth. These patterns are mediated by a wide range of physicochemical and microbial processes such as the ability of particles to sorb metals, and are influenced by the mineral and organic characteristics of sinking particles. We conclude that internal metal transformations play an essential role in controlling metal bioavailability, phytoplankton distributions and the subsurface resupply of metals

Nitrofurantoin-induced pulmonary fibrosis: a case report

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Introduction</p> <p>Nitrofurantoin is a commonly used drug in the treatment and prevention of urinary tract infections. Many adverse effects of nitrofurantoin have been documented, including aplastic anemia, polyneuritis, and liver and pulmonary toxicity.</p> <p>Case presentation</p> <p>We describe the clinical history and the autopsy findings in a 51-year-old woman with lung fibrosis of unknown etiology. She had a history of recurrent urinary tract infections, treated with nitrofurantoin for many years. She was referred to our hospital for screening for lung transplantation because of severe pulmonary restriction and dyspnea. Unfortunately, she died as a result of progressive respiratory insufficiency. At autopsy bilateral patchy, sharply circumscribed fibrotic areas in the upper and lower lobes of the lungs were seen with honeycombing. Microscopically, end-stage interstitial fibrosis with diffuse alveolar damage was observed. Due to the atypical distribution of the fibrosis involving both the lower and upper lobes of the lung, the microscopic pattern of the fibrosis and the history of long-term nitrofurantoin use, we concluded that this drug induced the lung fibrosis. The recurrent urinary tract infections were probably caused by a diverticulum of the urinary bladder, which was discovered at autopsy.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>This case shows that the use of nitrofurantoin may cause severe pulmonary disease. Patients with long-term use of nitrofurantoin should be monitored regularly for adverse pulmonary effects.</p