Not Available

Not AvailableNot AvailableNot Availabl

Not Available

Not AvailableNot AvailableNot Availabl

Not Available

Not AvailableIn the arid and semi-arid regions, the livestock husbandry is playing pivotal role in the economic sustenance and employment generation, but is also suffering due to recurrent droughts and other unfavorable conditions of climate, soil and water, which also adversely affect the crop husbandry. Despite higher animal number and significant contribution to the livestock production at national and regional levels, the low productivity remains a matter of concern. The low and non-productive animals need to be curbed in number as these contribute to climate change and global warming. There is a need for effective conservation and improvement of native breeds, stop uncontrolled animal breeding, which results in loss of precious genetic material due to prevalent extensive rearing and transhumance practice followed in the region in search of food. There is also need appropriate feed security measures to address the issues of degradation of grazing resources, which need protection and rejuvenation and also policy support for creation of feed, fodder banks and complete feeds like CFBs and TMRs to take care of productivity improvement. The issues of management of livestock, nutritional measures to reduce methane emission from enteric digestion and also management of health under changing climate need proper consideration as new emerging and re-emerging diseases of livestock in the region have an adverse effect on livestock productivity. The value addition to the marketable animals and their produce need an extensive support of the government to provide real benefit to the poverty stricken small, marginal and landless labourer section of the rural society who have livestock rearing as the main activity and which thrive well despite the threats from climate change issues.Not Availabl

Not Available

Not AvailableA representative number of 217 camels (Camelus dromedarius) from different areas of western Rajasthan State, India, were examined from July 2002 to May 2003 for Trypanosoma evansi infection. The tests used were parasitological (wet blood film, WBF; stained thin blood smear, TBS), immunodiagnostic (double antibody sandwich enzyme linked immunosorbent assay for antigen detection, Ag-ELISA), and DNA amplification by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). These techniques were compared and the best efficiency was found for the last named (PCR). A prevalence of T. evansi infection was detected in 17.05, 9.67, 4.60 and 4.14% by PCR, Ag-ELISA, TBS and WBF with a sensitivity of 100, 56.75, 27.02 and 24.32%, respectively. PCR revealed a specific 227 bp band in positive samples. The intensity of PCR bands was variable in different test samples depending upon the level of infection in the test samples. The history of intermittent fever, emaciation, oedema, poor body condition significantly correlated with positive serological status in ELISA as well as trypanosome DNA detection by PCRNot Availabl

Not Available

Not AvailableA representative number of 217 camels (Camelus dromedarius) from different areas of western Rajasthan State, India, were examined from July 2002 to May 2003 for Trypanosoma evansi infection. The tests used were parasitological (wet blood film, WBF; stained thin blood smear, TBS), immunodiagnostic (double antibody sandwich enzyme linked immunosorbent assay for antigen detection, Ag-ELISA), and DNA amplification by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). These techniques were compared and the best efficiency was found for the last named (PCR). A prevalence of T. evansi infection was detected in 17.05, 9.67, 4.60 and 4.14% by PCR, Ag-ELISA, TBS and WBF with a sensitivity of 100, 56.75, 27.02 and 24.32%, respectively. PCR revealed a specific 227 bp band in positive samples. The intensity of PCR bands was variable in different test samples depending upon the level of infection in the test samples. The history of intermittent fever, emaciation, oedema, poor body condition significantly correlated with positive serological status in ELISA as well as trypanosome DNA detection by PCR.Not Availabl

Not Available

Not AvailableThe present study examined the effect of melatonin implants on follicle growth in dromedary camels two months ahead of their natural breeding season (December to March). Female camels (n Z 6) were treated with melatonin implants at the dose rate of 1 implant per 28 kg body weight sc. Control camels (n Z 6) were administered an SC placebo implant of 8 ml vitamin A. Ovarian ultrasonography was performed at weekly interval upto 7 weeks. Camels were mated with virile stud when a follicle (10 mm) was visible on either of the ovaries. Blood was collected on day 7, 9, 15, 20, 25 and 30 for assay of plasma progesterone and sonography performed at the same time. Small follicles (2-3 mm) appeared around the periphery of ovaries in 83.3% of camels by day 7 and in 100% camels by day 14. By the end of 7th week an ovulatory size follicle (1.0 cm) could be observed in 83.3% of treated camels, and these camels were mated with virile studs. In control group, small follicles appeared at the periphery of ovaries only in 66.6% camels but did not progress in growth except in one camel (16.6%) however, ovulating size (10 mm) follicle was not observed in any camel by the end of 7th week. All treated camels ovulated and one treated camel became pregnant while early embryonic death occurred in one camel. Nonepregnant camels of both groups were mated during the breeding season. All camels of treatment group and 33.33% camels of control group became pregnant by the end of breeding season (April 2010). It was concluded that melatonin implants can augment the follicle growth in lactating camels ahead of the breeding season and pregnancy can occur on mating. Fertility of treated camels during the breeding season is improved.Not Availabl

Not Available

Not AvailableThe population of the dromedary in the country has gone down from 1.1 m to 0.5 m in last 3 decades. In recent past camel milk has been recognized as a possible tool to sustain the dromedary in situ. In this context this study was carried out in 6 Bikaneri and 4 Kachchhi camels. Two teat milking was followed. The average production from front and rear teats in the morning was 903.81±15.82 and 1113.31±18.40 ml and in the evening was 615.56±14.36 and 776.11±16.76 ml respectively. The average daily milk production pooled over breeds for the initial 16 months was 3606.31±64.59 ml and for rest of the months till 24 month was 2108.64±93.49 ml. The effect of breed was non-significant but that of individuals was significant. Out of 10 camels 9 continued till 16 months and the one camel, which discontinued giving milk in 14th month, got conceived in the 12th month of lactation. Therefore the lactation in the camels was considered to be of 16 months duration. Accordingly the average lactation yield was 3462 litres. In second phase of lactation about 58% reduction in average daily milk yield was noticed. The average daily milk production was highest in 3rd parity (4847.09 ± 40.24 ml). The peak yield was observed in the third month of lactation. The promotion of camel milk will not only conserve this threatened species of desert ecosystem but also support the life to weaker section of the society.Not Availabl

Not Available

Not AvailableIn a feeding management experiment eight camel calves were allotted randomly into two equal groups and reared under stall feeding management condition (group-I) and under stall feeding along with grazing management practices (group-II) for a period of 173 days. The average growth rate, body weight and morpho-metric parameters viz: body length, heart girth, height at wither, neck length, and leg length (fore & hind) were significantly (P<0.01) higher in group-II animals as compared to group-I. The horizontal hump circumference was found to be similar but vertical the hump circumference varied significantly (P<0.05) between two groups. The ethological aspect of feeding behaviour indicated the order of feeding behavioural preference was for Khejri (Prosopis cineraria), followed by Phog (Calligonum polygonoides) and Ganthia (Dactyloctenioum aegyptium) among trees, bushes and grasses, respectively. Overall better performance of group-II was due to higher plane of nutrition as compared to group-I. The levels of glucose, total protein and globulin were significantly (P<0.05) higher in group II also indicated better management practices in group-II as compared to group-I. Similarly the average levels of serum calcium, phosphorus, zinc and iron as well as levels of hair minerals like sulphur, calcium, zinc and iron were also significantly (P<0.05) higher in group-II than group-I. The total feeding cost per calf was higher in group-I as compared to group-II and due to it the cost involved for one kg body weight gain was quite less and economical in group-II than group-I. Thus the practice of stall feeding along with grazing management found to be better as compared to stall feeding alone for camel calf rearing.Not Availabl

Not Available

Not AvailableA study of 120 days duration was conducted in Hádala village of Kolayat tehsil of Bikaner district in Rajasthan state to study the effect of the strategic supplementation of deficient nutrients in basal diet of lactating camels at farmer door. Six newly calved lactating camels of 3-6 parity on an average 4-5 lit/d milk yield were selected and distributed equally into 2 groups. Camels were maintained as the practice followed by the farmers routinely with feeding of clyster bean straw ad lib (Gp I) and barley grain 1 kg/ camel/day with area specific mineral mixture, in addition to straw as a source of energy (Gp II). Significant improvement in serum total protein and globulin were observed due to improved feeding. Similarly milk production and yields of protein, fat and SNF per kg milk was significantly (P<0.01) higher in Gp II compared to Gp I. Growth of calves was also.significantly (P<0.05) higher in Gp II than Gp I in terms of body length, height at withers and heart girth. It was demonstrated that limited amount of supplements in existing practice by scientific intervention i.e., energy through barley grain to basal diet resulted in increased milk yield and income of camel rearers and also had positive effect on health and milk composition of dams. There was good growth of calves.Not Availabl