169 research outputs found
Manifestation of triplet superconductivity in superconductor-ferromagnet structures
We study proximity effects in a multilayered superconductor/ferromagnet (S/F)
structure with arbitrary relative directions of the magnetization . If
the magnetizations of different layers are collinear the superconducting
condensate function induced in the F layers has only a singlet component and a
triplet one with a zero projection of the total magnetic moment of the Cooper
pairs on the direction. In this case the condensate penetrates the F
layers over a short length determined by the exchange energy . If
the magnetizations are not collinear the triplet component has, in
addition to the zero projection, the projections . The latter component
is even in the momentum, odd in the Matsubara frequency and penetrates the F
layers over a long distance that increases with decreasing temperature and does
not depend on (spin-orbit interaction limits this length). If the thickness
of the F layers is much larger than , the Josephson coupling between
neighboring S layers is provided only by the triplet component, so that a new
type of superconductivity arises in the transverse direction of the structure.
The Josephson critical current is positive (negative) for the case of a
positive (negative) chirality of the vector . We demonstrate that this
type of the triplet condensate can be detected also by measuring the density of
states in F/S/F structures.Comment: 14 pages; 9 figures. Final version, to be published in Phys. Rev.
The Meaning of the Mask Matters : Evidence of Conceptual Interference in the Attentional Blink
The rapid serial visual presentation (RSVP) experiment reported here investigated the role of conceptual interference in the attentional blink (AB). Subjects were presented with RSVP streams that contained five stimuli: Target 1, a distractor, Target 2, a second distractor, and a symbol mask. Target 1 was a green letter, Target 2 was a red letter, and the distractors were either white letters or white digits. The stimuli were presented in a font typically seen on the face of a digital watch. Thus, "S" and "O" were identical to "5" and "0," respectively. This allowed us to present streams that were conceptually different even though featurally identical: The two letter targets were followed by distractors that were recognized either as "5" and "0" or as "S" and "O." The AB was substantially attenuated when subjects were told the distractors were digits rather than letters. This result indicates that conceptual interference plays a role in the AB
Speed and selection in the evolution of killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptors
The killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR) form a diverse family of receptors that control the functions of natural killer cells. Sequencing of KIR from primates has revealed the unexpected extent to which this gene family has diversified mostly likely in response to pathogens and to pathogen-mediated selection of their MHC class I ligands. Human KIR diversity is now a burgeoning area for disease association studies. This review examines the evolution of KIR from a primate-centric view in order to rationalize our current knowledge of the diversity of human KIR
Review of Low Temperature Tolerance and Ice Nuclei in Insects, with Special Emphasis on Larvae of the Rice Stem Borer, Chilo suppressalis Walker.
Post-traumatic tremor due to vascular injury and its treatment by stereotactic thalamotomy.
Mathematical modeling of pattern formation caused by drying of colloidal film under a mask
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