The effect of oral rehydration solution and recommended home fluids on diarrhoea mortality

Background Most diarrhoeal deaths can be prevented through the prevention and treatment of dehydration. Oral rehydration solution (ORS) and recommended home fluids (RHFs) have been recommended since 1970s and 1980s to prevent and treat diarrhoeal dehydration. We sought to estimate the effects of these interventions on diarrhoea mortality in children aged <5 years

Is a 2 : 1 Ratio of Standard Who Ors to Plain Water Effective in the Treatment of Moderate Dehydration

Increased amounts of plain water have been recommended ad libitum during rehydration treatment with oral rehydration solutions (ORS) in moderately dehydrated cases in order to decrease the hypertonicity of ORS. However, we could not encounter any study demonstrating its effectiveness objectively. In this study, moderately dehydrated children admitted to Hacettepe University Ihsan Dogramaci Children's Hospital Diarrheal Disease Training and Treatment Unit were administered either standard WHO ORS treatment or two parts of standard WHO ORS and one part of plain water alternately at a dose of 100 ml/kg, according to the period they were admitted to the center. The frequency of vomiting, stool purging rate, and unscheduled intravenous treatment rate of the two different regimens were compared. There were 51 children in the standard ORS group and 79 children in the 2 : I ratio ORS group. The admission characteristics of the children were similar. The children with a stool purging rate over one per hour during treatment was higher in the standard ORS group (29.4 vs. 15.2 per cent, p = 0.051), as well as the children with vomiting (56 vs. 30 per cent, p = 0.007). The children who required unscheduled intravenous treatment was also higher in the standard ORS group (20 vs. 14 per cent, p = 0.2). A regimen of two parts of WHO ORS and one part of plain water may be an alternative treatment for moderately dehydrated children with non-cholera diarrhea in areas where hypotonic ORS is not yet available.WoSScopu

Chemotherapy During Pregnancy: Cases Of Hodgkin'S And Non-Hodgkin'S Lymphoma, Chronic Myeloid Leukemia, Breast Cancer, Nasopharyngeal Cancer, And Choriocarcinoma

Scopu

Serum malondialdehyde concentration in babies with hyperbilirubinaemia

AIM—To determine lipid peroxide concentrations in the first 10 days of life.
METHODS—Malondialdehyde concentrations were investigated in neonates with or without hyperbilirubinaemia during the first 10 days of life.
RESULTS—Serum malondialdehyde concentrations were higher in infants with hyperbilirubinaemia than in controls. A positive correlation was found between malondialdehyde and bilirubin concentrations in the study group. When the study group was categorised according to the presence of haemolysis, a significant correlation was found between malondialdehyde and bilirubin concentrations in those infants with hyperbilirubinaemia due to haemolysis. There was no such correlation in those without haemolysis.
CONCLUSION—Exchange transfusion rapidly produces variable changes in pro-oxidant and antioxidant plasma concentrations in neonates, which may be responsible for free radical metabolism. The fall in malondialdehyde concentration is probably directly related to its exogenous removal by exchange transfusion.


Relationship Between Physical, Environmental and Sociodemographic Factors and School Performance in Primary Schoolchildren

Poor primary school performance is a risk factor for low high-school and university graduation, as well as poverty in later life. In this case-control study, the relation between a variety of physical, environmental and sociodemographic factors, and primary school performance was investigated. Grade one students with good and poor school achievement, from different socioeconomic levels were studied. A questionnaire about the sociodemographic characteristics and child's medical history, together with a Child Behavior Checklist, was filled out by parents. Physical examination, visual and hearing screening were performed. Blood count and blood lead levels were determined. Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised (WISC-R) was performed to determine the IQ. A total of 177 students participated in the study. Stepwise logistic regression revealed an independent positive relation between duration of study (OR, 2.69; Cl, 1.19-6.05; p = 0.016), maternal education (OR, 1.47; Cl, 1.14-1.87; p = 0.002), full scale score of WISC-R (OR, 1.08; Cl, 1.03-1.3; p = 0.002) and school performance. Multinomial logistic regression revealed that the risk of having a below average full scale WISC-R score was higher among children having a hearing loss, uncorrected vision loss, heating house with stove, cigarette smoking of both parents, and low paternal education (less than 8 years). The chance of having an above average full scale WISC-R score was lower among children whose either parent smoked cigarettes, height-for-age percentile was below 10, and maternal education was less than 8 years. Policies for increasing male and female education, growth monitoring, appropriate feeding (breastfeeding and weaning), well-baby and child followup and clean environment (indoor and outdoor) will not only promote the physical health but also promote the cognitive development of the new generations.WoSScopu