Modeling of vegetated rivers for inbank and overbank flows

Model parameters such as friction factor and eddy viscosity in the Shiono & Knight method (SKM) are considered through experimental data obtained from a vegetated open channel. The experiment was conducted in a rectangular open channel with cylindrical rods as vegetation. Velocity, Reynolds stresses and boundary shear stress were measured with Acoustic Doppler Velocimetry (ADV) and a Preston tube re-spectively. Both friction factor and eddy viscosity were calculated using the measured data and found to be not constant in the shear layer generated by rods. The analytical solutions of SKM to predict velocity and boundary shear stress currently in use were based on the constant assumption of these parameters. In this pa-per a new analytical solution was derived by taking into a variation of these parameters account and was also verified with the experimental data. This solution was also applied to flow in compound channel with vegeta-tion. The new solution gives a good prediction of the lateral distribution of depth-averaged velocity and boundary shear stress in vegetated channels, and it predicts the boundary shear stress better than that of the original solution without considering the secondary flow term in particular

Kaposiform haemangioendothelioma- clinical features, complications and risk factors for Kasabach–Merritt phenomenon_bjd0457.pdf

Background Few studies have reported the clinical features, complications and predictors of Kasabach–Merritt phenomenon (KMP) associated with Kaposiform haemangioendothelioma (KHE). Objectives To determine the clinical characteristics present at diagnosis and to identify features that may aid clinicians in managing KHE. Methods We conducted a cohort study of 146 patients diagnosed with KHE. Results KHE precursors or lesions were present at birth in 521% of patients. In 918% of patients, lesions developed within the first year of life. The median age at diagnosis of KHE was 23 months (interquartile range 10–60). The extremities were the dominant location, representing 507% of all KHEs. Among KHEs in the cohort, 630% were mixed lesions (cutaneous lesions with deep infiltration). Approximately 70% of patients showed KMP. A KHE diagnosis was delayed by ≥ 1 month in 657% of patients with KMP. Patients with KMP were more likely to have major complications than patients without KMP ( P=0023). Young age ( 6 months), trunk location, large lesion size (> 50 cm) and mixed lesion type were associated with KMP in a univariate analysis. In the multivariate analysis, only age [odds ratio (OR) 119, 95% confidence interval (CI) 407–348; P large lesion size (OR 508, 95% CI 224–115; P (OR 296, 95% CI 123–713; P=0016) were associated with KMP. Conclusions Most KHEs appeared before 12 months of age. KHEs are associated with various major complications, which can occur in combination and develop early in the disease process. Young age, large lesion size and mixed lesion type are important predictors of KMP.</p

Kaposiform haemangioendothelioma- clinical features, complications and risk factors for Kasabach–Merritt phenomenon_bjd0457.pdf

Background Few studies have reported the clinical features, complications and predictors of Kasabach–Merritt phenomenon (KMP) associated with Kaposiform haemangioendothelioma (KHE). Objectives To determine the clinical characteristics present at diagnosis and to identify features that may aid clinicians in managing KHE. Methods We conducted a cohort study of 146 patients diagnosed with KHE. Results KHE precursors or lesions were present at birth in 521% of patients. In 918% of patients, lesions developed within the first year of life. The median age at diagnosis of KHE was 23 months (interquartile range 10–60). The extremities were the dominant location, representing 507% of all KHEs. Among KHEs in the cohort, 630% were mixed lesions (cutaneous lesions with deep infiltration). Approximately 70% of patients showed KMP. A KHE diagnosis was delayed by ≥ 1 month in 657% of patients with KMP. Patients with KMP were more likely to have major complications than patients without KMP ( P=0023). Young age ( 6 months), trunk location, large lesion size (> 50 cm) and mixed lesion type were associated with KMP in a univariate analysis. In the multivariate analysis, only age [odds ratio (OR) 119, 95% confidence interval (CI) 407–348; P large lesion size (OR 508, 95% CI 224–115; P (OR 296, 95% CI 123–713; P=0016) were associated with KMP. Conclusions Most KHEs appeared before 12 months of age. KHEs are associated with various major complications, which can occur in combination and develop early in the disease process. Young age, large lesion size and mixed lesion type are important predictors of KMP.</p