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Econometric modeling of tobacco exports in the milieu of changing global and national policy regimes: repercussions on the Indian tobacco sector

IntroductionTobacco, an important commercial crop, plays a crucial role in farmers' incomes and livelihoods to a sizable population and contributes significant exchange earnings to the Indian economy. Currently, India is the second-largest tobacco producer after China, with a production of 758 million kg (13% of global production) and exports of ~190 million kg of tobacco (9% of global tobacco export volume). However, there are uncertainties surrounding the tobacco sector, such as growing public health and environmental issues associated with tobacco production and consumption and changing national and international tobacco-related policy regimes. In this context, the current study investigates the determinants of tobacco exports and geographical shifts in export destinations over the years.MethodsThe statistical models employed are co-integration, and vector error-correlation models to test the short-run and long-run dynamics relationship between tobacco exports and the explanatory variables, and the Markov chain approach to find out geographical shifts in export destinations.Results and discussionThe econometric model estimated the relationship between the tobacco export volume with domestic production, export price, and global demand for Indian tobacco, and investigated the geographical shift in export destinations of tobacco in the context of changing global and national policy regimes on the sector. The econometric modeling framework confirms that there exists a statistically significant relationship between Indian tobacco export demand, domestic production, export price, and world demand for Indian tobacco. The geographical shift was evident in major export destinations during the post-WHO-FCTC (Framework Convention on Tobacco Control) regime. The model findings direct that India should take advantage of the export price, and global demand for tobacco as India ratified WHO-FCTC; there is no scope for horizontal expansion of the area under tobacco. This modeling framework aids as a tool to direct and explore the possible options with a greater emphasis on export-centric farming system in tobacco production by augmenting crop compliance and quality to meet the standards of international markets

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Not AvailablePrices of agricultural commodities like onion and chilli showed a high degree of volatility, which created a crisis like situation drawing attention from the policymakers, researchers, and farmers. An attempt was made to analyze the dynamics of production, price and export between regulated and unregulated crops. Results revealed that production variability was high in onion and chilli and low in FCV tobacco. The stability index for FCV tobacco price was high (0.90), while it was low for prices of onion (0.41) and chilli (0.59). The stability index for the export of FCV tobacco was high (0.81), while it was low for onion (0.31) and chilli (0.52). Thus, crop size fixation, a unique regulatory apparatus, is a potential instrument to shield the price volatility syndrome and stabilize exports.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableIndia is the fourth largest producer of oilseeds accounting for about 19% of the global area, 2.7% of global production in the world. The oilseeds crops have registered the significant growth in area and production in last 30 years. However, compare to cereals like paddy and wheat, the growth rate of area and production of oilseeds is insignificant and there exists wide variability in their yield in different states of the country. The study has explored the growth performance, and dynamics of major oilseeds in different states of the country. Oilseeds exhibited a dismal picture in their production performance both spatially and temporally.Not Availabl

POINT DEFECT PARAMETERS FOR NaClO3 CRYSTALS

La conductivité électrique en courant continu d'un cristal ionique a bas point de fusion tel NaClO3 a été analysée et les paramètres de défauts ponctuels ont été évalués. Nous décrivons un procédé pour déterminer l'enthalpie de formation du défaut de Frenkel à partir des mesures de conductivité dans le domaine de température où les contributions des défauts intrinsèques et extrinsèques sont comparables. L'enthalpie obtenue est en bon accord avec la valeur obtenue par une expérience indépendante sur la dilatation thermique de ces cristaux.The de electrical conductivity data on a low melting ionic crystal such as NaClO3 has been analysed and the point defect parameters have been evaluated. A procedure is described for determining the Frenkel defect formation enthalpy from the conductivity data in the temperature region where intrinsic and extrinsic defects contribution to conductivity are comparable in magnitude. The enthalpy so obtained is in good agreement with the value obtained from an independent experiment on the thermal expansion for these crystals

Abstract — Temperature Monitoring System of

Conductors based on GSM SMS and Zigbee is produced in this paper. The temperature of conductors can be monitored in real-time and some accidents caused by the increased temperature can be avoided. The principle and the feature of ARM7, GSM SMS and Zigbee communication are analyzed The construction of this system is outlined, and the force modal of calculating the variety of the sag due to the increased temperature of conductors is built. The ARM7 is a general purpose 32-bit microprocessor, which offers high performance and very low power consumption. The ARM architecture is based on Reduced Instruction Set Computer. GSM is a global digital mobile communication system.GSM SMS is a kind of short message service, by which the limited data or text message can be transmitted. Zigbee is a free open source protocol which can be used for wireless applications. Using this protocol overall development cost can be reduced. Using this application engineers can easily calculate the variations in conductors due to change in temperature. This paper will provide block diagram and its detail applications and hardware and software requirement for developing this application

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Not AvailableThe present paper is an attempt to evaluate the importance of BRICS countries (Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa) in global tobacco and to assess the impact of WHO-FCTC implementation in these countries. The study was primarily based on the time series secondary data on area, production and trade. The BRICS countries include three of the five top tobacco producers, two of the five top tobacco consumers, three of five top tobacco leaf exporters and two of the top five tobacco importers in the world. The findings from the present study revealed that WHO-FCTC has not made significant dent on reduction of global tobacco production and trade during first decade of its implementation. Besides, the comparison among BRICS countries and other major tobacco producing countries revealed an increasing trend in tobacco production in BRICS countries and contributing to one third share of global tobacco exports during the past 16 years. As the BRICS countries account for lion share in global tobacco area (55%), production (64%) and exports (35%) during past 16 years, the measures taken by these countries will contour the global tobacco sector. The future tobacco related policies in BRICS countries will have huge ramifications on the prospects of global tobacco sector.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableThe present paper is an attempt to evaluate the importance of BRICS countries (Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa) in global tobacco and to assess the impact of WHO-FCTC implementation in these countries. The study was primarily based on the time series secondary data on area, production and trade. The BRICS countries include three of the five top tobacco producers, two of the five top tobacco consumers, three of five top tobacco leaf exporters and two of the top five tobacco importers in the world. The findings from the present study revealed that WHO-FCTC has not made significant dent on reduction of global tobacco production and trade during first decade of its implementation. Besides, the comparison among BRICS countries and other major tobacco producing countries revealed an increasing trend in tobacco production in BRICS countries and contributing to one third share of global tobacco exports during the past 16 years. As the BRICS countries account for lion share in global tobacco area (55%), production (64%) and exports (35%) during past 16 years, the measures taken by these countries will contour the global tobacco sector. The future tobacco related policies in BRICS countries will have huge ramifications on the prospects of global tobacco sector.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableAgricultural exports in developing countries significantly impact achieving sustainable development goals targeted at improving agricultural productivity, sustainability, poverty eradication, and employment creation. The pattern of agricultural export competitiveness of India vis-à-vis other Asian agricultural-based countries was assessed during the post-WTO period (2001 to 2019). The Revealed Symmetric Comparative Advantage (RSCA) technique was employed using time series data focusing on High-Value Commercial (HVC) crops. As is evident from the RSCA indices for India, a high degree of export competitiveness was witnessed in tobacco, cotton, and spices, whereas it declined in sugarcane, coffee, and tea over the years. The commodities that exhibited strong competitiveness reflected huge potential, whereas commodities such as sugarcane, coffee, and tea experienced erosion in their competitiveness. With the changing priorities of the nation, there is a need for India to redraw future agricultural export scenarios focusing on the production of HVC crops, processing and value chains, and diversification of export baskets while maintaining the sustainability of agro-ecological assets. Nevertheless, agricultural exports had vast potential to drive the economy in developing countries like India. The holistic conclusion advocates an important policy implication for the design of export strategy to augment the export competitiveness of HVC crops and enhance the share of agricultural exports in the context of emerging trends and change commercial facets of Indian agriculture.Not Availabl