Study of pulmonary tuberculosis in diabetes mellitus

Background: To study the clinical profile of pulmonary tuberculosis in diabetic patients and to study the radiographic patterns of pulmonary tuberculosis in diabetic patients.Methods: The study was undertaken on 100 patients with diabetes mellitus and pulmonary tuberculosis of both sexes admitted to Chalmeda Anand Rao Institute of Medical Sciences, Bommakal, Karimnagar.Results: The fasting blood sugar value showed a definite co-relation with pulmonary tuberculosis. 41% of the patients had fasting blood sugar value between 201 to 300mg/dl and 30% had value between 151-200mg/dl and 23% of the patients had value above 300mg/dl. Mean fasting blood sugar value was 234.4mg/dl. Right sided lung lesions were noted in 37% of the cases and left sided lesions in 33% of the cases. Upper lobe lesions were noted in 68% of the cases and bilateral lesion in 30% of the study group.Conclusions: Uncontrolled diabetes mellitus patients are more prone to develop pulmonary tuberculosis compared to non diabetics. Sputum examination tends to be positive in diabetics compared to non diabetics

Preliminary Results of Radiological Impact Studies on the Usage of Granites in Hyderabad, Telangana State, India

Abstract Natural background gamma radiation levels were measured using a NaI crystal based survey meter in different type's granite slab environs. These levels are found to vary between 2015 µGy y -1 and 2716 µGy y -1 with an average of 2270 µGy y -1 . This study establishes that usage of the granites as a flooring material in the building construction industry in the city like Hyderabad may not pose any additional radiation burden on the population

FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF VILDAGLIPTIN SUSTAINED RELEASE MATRIX TABLETS

Vildagliptin belongs to a class of orally active anti-diabetic drug which inhibits dipeptidyl peptidase-4(DPP-4) and to potentiate the secretion of insulin in the β-cells, there by decreasing blood glucose level. Vildagliptin is a short half life drug so it needs to formulate into sustained release dosage form to reduce dose frequency for patient compliance. Among various techniques, formulation of matrix tablets using matrix formers is a simple and industrially useful technique in the design of sustained release drug delivery systems. In the present study, an attempt has been made to develop sustained release matrix tablets of Vildagliptin using hydrophilic polymers like HPMC (k15M, K100M) and Carbapol by using wet granulation method. Dissolution study was done by using type-II dissolution apparatus gave good results with combination of HPMC K100 M and Carbapol. Drug release from the formulation follows zero order, first order, Higuchi's equation, and korsemeyer's equation

Business Valuation: Modelling Forecasting Hurdle Rate

Consolidation, Combination and Diversification (CCD’s) in the emerging globalized market leads to competition and escalating the monopoly power. Given the increasing liberalization of rules, regulations and law, a number of firms are going beyond national borders and making deals triumphant. We suggest an innovative firm valuation model for M&A in the area of Corporate Finance that is NRR Approach 1.0. The methodology is divided into five phases, modeling forecasting hurdle rate, finding sales growth rate, computation of free cash flows & estimation of future free cash flows and finally determination of firm value under NRR approach. The findings suggest that NRR approach considers various imperative factors while valuing target firms for the benefit of shareholders. The value of study could be credited by NRR Approach 1.0. and this is the first of its kind model considers political, transfer and commercial risk factors while estimating hurdle rate. Hence, approach is the first version of development thought and has limited scope to validate in other industries. We believe that NRR model shall be of great help to M&A advisory firms and investment bankers while negotiating deal value in acquisition process. This would be help in exploring new dimensions of judgment and approach for academia as well as for the benefit of target firm shareholders in corporate arena

Business Valuation: Modelling Forecasting Hurdle Rate

Consolidation, Combination and Diversification (CCD’s) in the emerging globalized market leads to competition and escalating the monopoly power. Given the increasing liberalization of rules, regulations and law, a number of firms are going beyond national borders and making deals triumphant. We suggest an innovative firm valuation model for M&A in the area of Corporate Finance that is NRR Approach 1.0. The methodology is divided into five phases, modeling forecasting hurdle rate, finding sales growth rate, computation of free cash flows & estimation of future free cash flows and finally determination of firm value under NRR approach. The findings suggest that NRR approach considers various imperative factors while valuing target firms for the benefit of shareholders. The value of study could be credited by NRR Approach 1.0. and this is the first of its kind model considers political, transfer and commercial risk factors while estimating hurdle rate. Hence, approach is the first version of development thought and has limited scope to validate in other industries. We believe that NRR model shall be of great help to M&A advisory firms and investment bankers while negotiating deal value in acquisition process. This would be help in exploring new dimensions of judgment and approach for academia as well as for the benefit of target firm shareholders in corporate arena

Open Offers and Shareholders Earnings – Evidence from India

Purpose: Mergers and acquisitions (M&A) have become a popular vehicle for domestic as well as international companies to rapidly access new markets, assets and capabilities. This motivates us to study the impact of open offers on shareholders returns in the Indian context. Design/Methodology/Approach: The study computes simple stock returns (R), market returns (M), abnormal returns (AR), security returns variability (SRV) and apply the analysis of variance (ANOVA – one way) to locate any significant differences among the means of stock returns during pre and post substantial acquisition offer announcement. Findings: The findings indicate that there exist significant negative returns during post announcement period. Though, positive returns observe in short period after the immediate acquisition of shares. In contrast, we also observe that AAR & CAR notices lower returns and security returns variability (SRV) becomes proportionate to AAR and CAR. Research limitations: The research period 2007-10 is not long enough, so the acquisition effect if any, on target firms would not be apparent. During global financial crisis, the market sentiments and investor perception towards stocks have not favorable and do not considered. Practical implications: The research work may helps stock brokers, M&A advisory and regulatory bodies while designing takeover and open offer policies. Originality/Value: We compute SRV along with abnormal returns to find any correlation sets during pre and post acquisition period. This is an original contribution undertake open offers and shareholders earnings in the emerging markets era, say India

Corporate mergers and financial performance: A new assessment of Indian cases

Purpose: It is worth mentioning that mergers and acquisitions (M&As) have become a popular vehicle for emerging-markets firms to rapidly access new opportunities and market capabilities. Indeed, privatization and multi-nationalization have given a greater shore up in raising global and domestic merger deals. Certainly, these factors are motivated us to investigate “does mergers produce abnormal returns around the announcement; conversely, does they improve financial performance in the long-run”. Design/Methodology/Approach: The study applies earnings management approach (event study) to compute average abnormal returns (AAR) around the merger announcement for select Indian M&A cases. Further, accounting ratios are considered to assess the long-run financial performance. Thereafter, t-stat is applied for testing the proposed hypotheses. In particular, it has performed a later test to the means of financial ratios and variables for both services and manufacturing sectors in accounting ratios and cylinder models respectively. Findings: The select Indian M&A cases show superior performance during the post-merger period for both manufacturing and services sectors, and observe a balance sheet improvement in the long-run. Research limitations: Sample is one of the limitations to the study. Due to small sample of merger cases, this paper has limited scope to generalize the results. Hence, academic researchers may employ the suggested assessment (cylinder)-models on large sample. Practical implications: The research work would help financial analysts, stockbrokers, M&A advisory and regulatory bodies while designing takeover and open offer policies. Originality/Value: This is an original contribution, which has developed new assessment (cylinder)-models to examine the post-merger long-run financial performance of acquiring firms, especially sector-wise evaluation

Open Offers and Shareholders Earnings – Evidence from India

Purpose: Mergers and acquisitions (M&A) have become a popular vehicle for domestic as well as international companies to rapidly access new markets, assets and capabilities. This motivates us to study the impact of open offers on shareholders returns in the Indian context. Design/Methodology/Approach: The study computes simple stock returns (R), market returns (M), abnormal returns (AR), security returns variability (SRV) and apply the analysis of variance (ANOVA – one way) to locate any significant differences among the means of stock returns during pre and post substantial acquisition offer announcement. Findings: The findings indicate that there exist significant negative returns during post announcement period. Though, positive returns observe in short period after the immediate acquisition of shares. In contrast, we also observe that AAR & CAR notices lower returns and security returns variability (SRV) becomes proportionate to AAR and CAR. Research limitations: The research period 2007-10 is not long enough, so the acquisition effect if any, on target firms would not be apparent. During global financial crisis, the market sentiments and investor perception towards stocks have not favorable and do not considered. Practical implications: The research work may helps stock brokers, M&A advisory and regulatory bodies while designing takeover and open offer policies. Originality/Value: We compute SRV along with abnormal returns to find any correlation sets during pre and post acquisition period. This is an original contribution undertake open offers and shareholders earnings in the emerging markets era, say India

Corporate mergers and financial performance: A new assessment of Indian cases

Purpose: It is worth mentioning that mergers and acquisitions (M&As) have become a popular vehicle for emerging-markets firms to rapidly access new opportunities and market capabilities. Indeed, privatization and multi-nationalization have given a greater shore up in raising global and domestic merger deals. Certainly, these factors are motivated us to investigate “does mergers produce abnormal returns around the announcement; conversely, does they improve financial performance in the long-run”. Design/Methodology/Approach: The study applies earnings management approach (event study) to compute average abnormal returns (AAR) around the merger announcement for select Indian M&A cases. Further, accounting ratios are considered to assess the long-run financial performance. Thereafter, t-stat is applied for testing the proposed hypotheses. In particular, it has performed a later test to the means of financial ratios and variables for both services and manufacturing sectors in accounting ratios and cylinder models respectively. Findings: The select Indian M&A cases show superior performance during the post-merger period for both manufacturing and services sectors, and observe a balance sheet improvement in the long-run. Research limitations: Sample is one of the limitations to the study. Due to small sample of merger cases, this paper has limited scope to generalize the results. Hence, academic researchers may employ the suggested assessment (cylinder)-models on large sample. Practical implications: The research work would help financial analysts, stockbrokers, M&A advisory and regulatory bodies while designing takeover and open offer policies. Originality/Value: This is an original contribution, which has developed new assessment (cylinder)-models to examine the post-merger long-run financial performance of acquiring firms, especially sector-wise evaluation

To assess the influence of tobacco use by family members, peers and role models on tobacco use status of adolescents living in urban slums of Delhi, India: Results from a longitudinal study

Objective: To assess the longitudinal relationship between tobacco use by family members, peers and role models on tobacco use behavior of adolescents living in low socio-economic communities of Delhi, India. Methods: Project ACTIVITY (Advancing Cessation of Tobacco in Vulnerable Indian Tobacco Consuming Youth), a community-based cluster-randomized trial. Adolescents (n=1720) belonging to low socio-economic status from control communities of Project ACTIVITY, including resettlement colonies and adjacent Jhuggi-Jhopris (JJs), who were non-tobacco users at baseline and participated in all the three repeated surveys (2009, 2010, 2011). The main outcome measure in the study was current tobacco use at the endline. Tobacco use by family members, friends and role models was measured at baseline. Results: The influence of tobacco use by friends on the onset of youth tobacco use was significant (OR=2.68, 95% CI=1.27-5.64) and by brother was even stronger (OR=4.36, 95% CI=1.66-11.45). Both effects were consistent across gender, age group and were also stronger than the effects of tobacco use by father (OR=1.51, 95% CI=0.70-3.23). Conclusion: Thus, study highlights the need to engage siblings and peers in efforts to prevent tobacco use and promote tobacco cessation among adolescents in resourcepoor, slum communities in India