Новая безопасная и эффективная живая модифицированная холодоадаптированная вирусная вакцина против гриппа лошадей, позволяющая дифференцировать инфицированных животных от вакцинированных

An analysis of the main advantages and shortcomings of the existing inactivated and live vaccines against the equine influenza viruses is given in this paper. For the first time, the most important information, concerning the development of a new live modified cold-adapted equine influenza virus vaccine based on the A/HK/Otar/6:2/2010 strain is summarized. We discuss a number of unique features of the developed vaccine that have not previously been reported, and compare the new vaccine with the existing equine influenza vaccines. The properties of developed equine vaccine include: long lasting (12 months or more) protective immunity after a single immunization; sterile immunity after double vaccination; cross-protection against the heterologous virus in 12 months after a double vaccination and the differentiation of infected animals from vaccinated animals.В настоящей работе дается анализ основных преимуществ и недостатков применяемых на практике инактивированных и живых вакцин против гриппа лошадей. Впервые обобщены наиболее значимые сведения, касающиеся разработки новой живой модифицированной холодоадаптированной вирусной вакцины против гриппа лошадей на основе штамма А/HK/ Otar/6:2/2010. Обсуждается ряд уникальных свойств разработанной вакцины, о которых ранее не сообщалось, в сравнении с аналогичными вакцинами против гриппа лошадей. К числу подобных свойств вакцины относятся: продолжительный (не менее 12 месяцев) протективный иммунитет после однократной вакцинации; стерильный иммунитет после двукратной вакцинации; перекрестная защита от гетерологичного вируса через 12 месяцев после двукратной вакцинации; дифференциация инфицированных животных от вакцинированных

Operationalizing Cooperative Research for Infectious Disease Surveillance: Lessons Learned and Ways Forward.

The current COVID-19 pandemic demonstrates the need for urgent and on-demand solutions to provide diagnostics, treatment and preventative measures for infectious disease outbreaks. Once solutions are developed, meeting capacities depends on the ability to mitigate technical, logistical and production issues. While it is difficult to predict the next outbreak, augmenting investments in preparedness, such as infectious disease surveillance, is far more effective than mustering last-minute response funds. Bringing research outputs into practice sooner rather than later is part of an agile approach to pivot and deliver solutions. Cooperative multi- country research programs, especially those funded by global biosecurity programs, develop capacity that can be applied to infectious disease surveillance and research that enhances detection, identification, and response to emerging and re-emerging pathogens with epidemic or pandemic potential. Moreover, these programs enhance trust building among partners, which is essential because setting expectation and commitment are required for successful research and training. Measuring research outputs, evaluating outcomes and justifying continual investments are essential but not straightforward. Lessons learned include those related to reducing biological threats and maturing capabilities for national laboratory diagnostics strategy and related health systems. Challenges, such as growing networks, promoting scientific transparency, data and material sharing, sustaining funds and developing research strategies remain to be fully resolved. Here, experiences from several programs highlight successful partnerships that provide ways forward to address the next outbreak

Cooperative Research and Infectious Disease Surveillance: A 2021 Epilogue.

As the world looks forward to turning a corner in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic, it becomes increasingly evident that international research cooperation and dialogue is necessary to end this global catastrophe. Last year, we initiated a research topic: "Infectious Disease Surveillance: Cooperative Research in Response to Recent Outbreaks, Including COVID-19," which aimed at featuring manuscripts focused on the essential link between surveillance and cooperative research for emerging and endemic diseases, and highlighting scientific partnerships in countries under-represented in the scientific literature. Here we recognize the body of work published from our manuscript call that resulted in over 50 published papers. This current analysis describes articles and authors from a variety of funded and unfunded international sources. The work exemplifies successful research and publications which are frequently cooperative, and may serve as a basis to model further global scientific engagements

Building Scientific Capability and Reducing Biological Threats: The Effect of Three Cooperative Bio-Research Programs in Kazakhstan.

Cooperative research programs aimed at reducing biological threats have increased scientific capabilities and capacities in Kazakhstan. The German Federal Foreign Office's German Biosecurity Programme, the United Kingdom's International Biological Security Programme and the United States Defense Threat Reduction Agency's Biological Threat Reduction Program provide funding for partner countries, like Kazakhstan. The mutual goals of the programs are to reduce biological threats and enhance global health security. Our investigation examined these cooperative research programs, summarizing major impacts they have made, as well as common successes and challenges. By mapping various projects across the three programs, research networks are highlighted which demonstrate best communication practices to share results and reinforce conclusions. Our team performed a survey to collect results from Kazakhstani partner scientists on their experiences that help gain insights into enhancing day-to-day approaches to conducting cooperative scientific research. This analysis will serve as a basis for a capability maturity model as used in industry, and in addition builds synergy for future collaborations that will be essential for quality and sustainment

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Not AvailableWe delineated the expression of DAP12 (DNAX-Activating Protein) and its associated receptors, TREM-1, TREM-2 and MDL-1 in pig alveolar monocyte/macrophages (AMM) that have attained M1 or M2 phenotypes. Pig AMM stimulated in vitro with IFN-γ and IL-4 induced the expression of M1 (TNFα and iNOS) and M2 (ARG1 and no MMR) phenotypic markers, respectively. In influenza virus infected pigs at seven days post-infection, in addition to substantial modulations in the M1 and M2 markers expression, DAP12, TREM-1 and MDL-1 were downregulated in AMM. Thus, DAP12 signaling promoted the anti-inflammatory pathway in AMM of influenza virus infected pigs.Not Availabl