Effet de différentes modalités de stress hydrique sur la production et la teneur en éléments minéraux du gombo [Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench]

Dans le but de tester diverses modalités de gestion de l’eau dans la production du gombo [<i>Abelmoschus esculentus</i> (L.) Moench], des plants ont été soumis après 20 jours de culture irriguée à des périodes de stress hydrique de durée variable (10, 25 jours et 5 cycles de stress de 3 jours et de réhydratation de 3 jours). La production de la biomasse des tiges et des feuilles, le rendement en fruits ainsi que la teneur en éléments minéraux (N P K) des plants ont été déterminés. Les résultats obtenus indiquent qu’un stress de courte durée stimule la production de la biomasse des parties aériennes après réhydratation et n’affecte pas le rendement en fruits. Un stress prolongé réduit la biomasse des parties aériennes mais accélère la floraison, tandis que le rendement en fruits reste particulièrement bas après réhydratation. Les plantes périodiquement stressées ont une biomasse élevée mais leur rendement en fruits est faible. La teneur des fruits en azote est élevée chez toutes les plantes soumises au stress hydrique.Mots clés : Gombo, déficit hydrique, réhydratation, biomasse, rendement

Constraints to production and preferred traits for taro (Colocasia esculenta) and new cocoyam (Xanthosoma mafaffa) in Togo, west Africa

Taro (Colocasia esculenta L. Schott) and tannia (new cocoyam) (Xanthosoma mafaffa L. Schott) are food crops cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions of Asia, Africa and Latin America. In cultivation, they are always vegetatively propagated and their production faces many constraints. Their corm is an important source of carbohydrates and leaves eaten as vegetable provide important minerals and vitamins. In Togo, although these crops are among the most important food crops in some rural areas, they appear at the country level as neglected and underutilized species (NUS) and should be promoted. However, adequate information related to production, constraints, farmers’ preferred traits and utilisation is lacking for the development of efficient breeding schemes and their sustainable preservation and use in Togo. In this paper, a focus group survey was conducted in all five ecological zones of the country to document farmers’ perceptions regarding constraints for production of these two crops and their preferred traits for production and utilization. Collected data were analysed through descriptive statistics (frequencies, percentages and means) using the Statistical Package for Social Scientists (SPSS 20) and Excel spreadsheets. Rainfall irregularity (or shortage of rainy seasons) (68.4% of responses), soil infertility (61.5% of responses) and inefficient marketing (58.7% of responses) were the most common production constraints reported. Farmers preferred early-maturity (73% of responses) and high-yield (65% of responses) as crop traits. Men are more involved in production of these crops in Togo (79% of respondents). However, the constraints and preferences reported were not gender dependent. This study showed that production of taro and tania faces many challenges in Togo. Morphological and molecular characterization of grown varieties is highly recommended to help select suitable varieties for breeding programmes. Improvements in food processing and accessibility of credit should be prioritized to generate more income for farmers and encourage production in Togo.Keywords: Agriculture, Colocasia esculenta, constraints, farmers, preferences, production, Togo, Xanthosoma mafaff

Psychometric properties of the Arabic version of the good death inventory (GDI-A) questionnaire tested on Palestinian family members of deceased adult cancer patients

Background Despite the importance of understanding the concept of good death (GD) from different cultural perspectives, it has not been assessed in Arab communities because of the unavailability of validated instruments. This study aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Arabic version of the Good Death Inventory (GDI-A) questionnaire used among Palestinian bereaved family members of cancer patients. Methods A cross-sectional methodological study was applied. An online survey was adopted as a data collection method. The online survey was delivered through Qualtrics and posted in cancer and health-related social media groups on Facebook, the most commonly utilized social media platform in Palestine. A convenient and snowball sampling of 285 family members of deceased adult cancer patients was adopted. The participants were asked to complete GDI online survey. A confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), content validity, and internal consistency reliability were assessed. Results Participants showed a good perspective about death (M = 300.01, SD = 31.09). Significant differences in GDI-A total score were reported with the “patient’s relationship with family” (M = 303.02, SD = 31.42), F(2, 282) = 7.787, p = .001, “educational level” (M = 305.97, SD = 28.38), F(4, 280) = 3.685, p = .006, and “member’s relationship with the patient” (M = 311.74, SD = 16.57), F(5, 279) = 3.125, p = .009. The Arabic version scale-level content validity index and the scale-level content validity index-universal agreement were 0.96 and 0.85, respectively. Factor analysis with a varimax rotation matrix revealed that 16 factors explained 76.08% of the variance. Conclusion This study provides the literature with an Arabic questionnaire for understanding the concept of a GD from the perspective of bereaved families. The GDI Arabic translated version is a psychometrically robust instrument with satisfactory measurement, which can be used for evaluating a GD among bereaved families

La diversité génétique des bananiers plantains cultivés dans la zone Ouest de la Région des Plateaux au Togo

Le bananier représente l’une des cultures les plus importantes dans le monde. Au Togo, la culture de bananiers plantains se fait surtout dans la Région des Plateaux à l’Ouest dans de petites exploitations agricoles ; ce qui a entrainé une faible productivité. Cependant, les variétés de bananiers plantains cultivées ne sont pas bien connues. Un inventaire a été entrepris dans le but de dénombrer les variétés de bananiers plantains cultivés grâce à des paramètres agromorphologiques et aussi de montrer l’intérêt que suscite la valorisation de la culture de cette plante. Au terme de cette étude, cinq (5) variétés de bananiers plantains ont été recensées. La variété ‘Apim’ est la plus productive suivie de la variété ‘Abladzo’. Contrairement aux autres, la variété ‘Taévé’ produit 2 régimes par pied au lieu d’un régime. Le cycle végétatif des bananiers plantains varie de 11 à 15 mois sauf pour la variété ‘Apim’ qui est de 18 mois. Des études de propagation rapide doivent être envisagées pour la sélection des variétés hautement performantes et la production massive du plantain pour les populations locales.© 2013 International Formulae Group. All rights reserved.Mots clés : Togo, bananier plantain, diversité génétique

Varietal diversity and conservation of cultivated yam (Dioscorea cayenensis, Dioscorea rotundata and Dioscorea alata) in Kara region (Togo)

L’igname est une culture stratégique au Togo. L’inventaire des variétés cultivées dans différents agro-éco-systèmes traditionnels permettent la sauvegarde et de ce patrimoine génétique ainsi que son utilisation dans des programmes de sélection. Des enquêtes ethno-botaniques ont été conduites dans 30 localités de la région de la Kara a permis de recenser 134 variétés: 122 de D. cayenensis-D. rotundata (57% précoces et 43 % tardives) et 12 de D. alata. La richesse variétale par localité varie de 7 à 30 variétés avec une moyenne de 19 ± 6 et une prédominance de D. cayenensis-D. rotundata. Dans 22% des localités, la diversité variétale a augmenté du fait des introductions (19 %) du Bénin (52 %), du Ghana (40 %) et du Nigeria (8 %). Les acquisitions variétales se font par achat (72 %), héritage (65 %), échange (45 %) et don (35 %). L’adoption d’une variété est déterminée par des critères agronomiques, commerciaux, technologiques, socio-culturels. Dans 78 % des localités, il y a une réduction de la diversité variétale du fait des pressions économiques, technologiques et sociales. 82 % des variétés sont faiblement distribuées et nécessitent une action urgente de conservation au champ. Cette conservation peut se faire dans 9 localités qui abritent 80 % de la richesse variétale totale. Mots clés: Ignames, perte de variétés, érosion génétique, conservation, Togo.  Yam is a strategic crop in Togo. Inventory and evaluation of cultivated varieties in different traditional agroeco-systems allows safeguard of this genetic heritage and its use in breeding programs. As welle ethnobotanical surveys were conducted in 30 localities of Kara region. The inventory allowed the recording 134 yam varieties distributed as follow 122 of D. cayenensis D. rotundata complex (57 % early varieties and 43 % late varieties) and 12 varieties of the type D. alata. The varietal richness by site varies betewen 7 and 30 with a predominance of D. cayenensis-D. rotundata. Varietal diversity has increased in 22 % of villages because of varietal introductions representing 19.2 % of the varieties. They come mainly from Bénin (52 %), Ghana (40 %) and Nigeria (8 %). The exchange (45 %), inheritance (65 %), the gift (72.5 %) and the purchase (35 %) are the varieties acquisition modes. In contrast to 78% of the localities there is a reduction of varietal diversity. Ten main factors mainly agronomic and social are the cause of the reduction. 83 % of the varieties are sparsely distributed and require urgent action on farm conservation because they are endangering. The storage may be done in 9 over the 30 localities that has about 80% of the varietal diversity.  Keywords: Yam, varieties loss, genetic erosion, conservation, Togo

Analyse minérale de quelques espèces végétales du site du lac de Lomé

(J. de la Recherche Scientifique de l'Université de Lomé, 1999, 3(2): 111-114

Regeneration in vitro de plants de 2 varietes locales de pois d'angole (cajanus cajan l. millsp) à partir de fragments de feuilles.

In order to safeguard pigeonpea Cajanus cajan, a minor and endangered crop in Togo, an in vitro method of regeneration of 2 local varieties has been developed from Callus obtained from leave explants culture.NAA supplemented alone induced 21% and 53% of callogenesis respectively in the early fructification variety and in the late fructification variety. Callogenesis rate rose to 57 and 89% for the 2 varieties when the MS medium was supplemented with 3mg/l NAA+0.5mg/l BAP. Multiple buds were regenerated from calli and the higher rate was obtained with 4mg/l BAP+0.1mg/l ANA for the early fructification variety and 5mg/l BAP+0.1mg/l ANA for the late fructification variety. Finally, studying vitroplantlets from the 2 varieties under various nutritional conditions showed that the late fructification variety grew much more than the late variety. This survey constituted a simplified model for callogenesis studies. It also allowed creation of the both varieties vitrobank for a sustainable conservation of C. cajan in Togo

Microtuberisation de deux varietes locales d’igname de Dioscorea cayenensis-rotundata et de d.alata (dioscoreaceae) cultivees au Togo.

Yams are tuber crops largely consumed in Togo. In spite of their importance, the problems of plantation material are often raised during the renewal of the fields. To diversify yam seedlings production, the present study was carried out to specify the conditions of microtubers production using two local accessions belonging to the complex D. cayenensis-rotundata and D. alata. The results showed that BAP (0.5 mg/l) induced a high tuberization frequency in kratsi. For the both accessions kratsi and afassé, Kin (0,5mg/l) showed high microtuberization frequency. In addition, association of ANA/BAP (0.2-0.2 mg/l) and ANA/Kin (0.2-0.2 mg/l) also induced tuberization in the two accessions. These results would enableus to produce microtubers which could be used later as yam seedlings

Varietal diversity and conservation of cultivated yam (Dioscorea cayenensis, Dioscorea rotundata and Dioscorea alata) in Kara region (Togo)

Yam is a strategic crop in Togo. Inventory and evaluation of cultivated varieties in different traditional agroeco-systems allows safeguard of this genetic heritage and its use in breeding programs. As welle ethnobotanical surveys were conducted in 30 localities of Kara region. The inventory allowed the recording 134 yam varieties distributed as follow 122 of D. cayenensis D. rotundata complex (56.46% early varieties and 43.54% late varieties) and 12 varieties of the type D. alata. The varietal richness by site varies betewen 7 and 30 with a predominance of D. cayenensis-D. rotundata. Varietal diversity has increased in 22% of villages because of varietal introductions representing 19.2% of the varieties. They come mainly from Bénin (52%), Ghana (40%) and Nigeria (8%). The exchange (45%), inheritance (65%), the gift (72.5%) and the purchase (35%) are the varieties acquisition modes. In contrast to 78% of the localities there is a reduction of varietal diversity. Ten main factors mainly agronomic and social are the cause of the reduction. 83% of the varieties are sparsely distributed and require urgent action on farm conservation because they are endangering. The storage may be done in 9 over the 30 localities that has about 80% of the varietal diversity