Thermohydrodynamics in Quantum Hall Systems

A theory of thermohydrodynamics in two-dimensional electron systems in quantizing magnetic fields is developed including a nonlinear transport regime. Spatio-temporal variations of the electron temperature and the chemical potential in the local equilibrium are described by the equations of conservation with the number and thermal-energy flux densities. A model of these flux densities due to hopping and drift processes is introduced for a random potential varying slowly compared to both the magnetic length and the phase coherence length. The flux measured in the standard transport experiment is derived and is used to define a transport component of the flux density. The equations of conservation can be written in terms of the transport component only. As an illustration, the theory is applied to the Ettingshausen effect, in which a one-dimensional spatial variation of the electron temperature is produced perpendicular to the current.Comment: 10 pages, 1 figur

Genetic aberrations in glioblastoma multiforme: translocation of chromosome 10 in an O-2A-like cell line

We have examined the genetic aberrations in two near-diploid glioblastoma multiforme cell lines that appear to have arisen from different glial lineages. One cell line, Hu-O-2A/Gb1, expresses antigens and metabolic profiles characteristic of the oligodendrocyte-type-2 astrocyte (0-2A) lineage of the rat central nervous system. This line generates, in vitro, cells with characteristics of 0-2A progenitor cells, oligodendrocytes and astrocytes. The second cell line, IN1434, is derived from an astrocyte or a precursor cell restricted to astrocytic differentiation. In Hu-O-2A/Gb1 the sole homologue of chromosome 10 is disrupted at band 10p11–12.1 by translocation with chromosomes X and 15. The translocation breakpoint is localized between genetic markers D10S2103 and [D10S637, D10S1962, D10S355]. Other aberrations include a 5;14 translocation, deletion of the long and short arms of chromosome 16 and loss of one copy of the CDKN2 gene. IN1434 cells share some cytogenetic abnormalities with Hu-O-2A/Gb1 cells, despite their apparent derivation from a different biological origin, but also have translocations involving the long and short arms of chromosome 1 and the long arm of chromosome 7, and deletion of chromosome 13 at bands 13q12–21. © 1999 Cancer Research Campaig

Assessment of the functional activity of platelets in chronic kidney disease stage 5D

Rationale: Thromboembolic complications in patients on hemodialysis have a  significant impact on the duration and quality of life. Aim: To study the functional status of platelets in chronic kidney disease stage 5D (CKD-5D). Materials and methods: We examined 61 patients with CKD-5D. The duration of renal replacement therapy was 133 (74 to 177) months. The functional activity of platelets was evaluated in the adenosine diphosphate and adrenaline tests. Results: The functional activity of platelets in the adenosine diphosphate test was reduced in 35 (57.4%) of patients and unchanged in 26 (42.6%) patients. The functional activity of platelets in the adrenaline test was reduced in 38 (62.3%), normal in 8 (13.1%) and increased in 15 (24.6%) patients. Conclusion: In our study, only the adrenaline test was able to identify hyperactivity of platelets. We believe therefore, that the test with adrenaline is preferred for the study of the functional activity of platelets in CKD-5D