Lithogenesis role in formation of zones with improved reservoir properties of subsalt carbonate sediments of venda and lower cambrian (Eastern Siberia)

The object of research is pre-salt deposits of carbonate complexes from Vendian and Lower Cambrian Nepa-Botuobiya anteclise (NBA), located in the central part of the Siberian platform, administratively dedicated to the Irkutsk region. The problems of fluid dynamics within the basement ledges are considered. Their role in the high productivity of overlying carbonate deposits is assessed. Reconstruction of sedimentation conditions and subsequent diagenesis and katagenesis of Nepa formation sediments is made that have the greatest impact on morphostructure of the sedimentary cover. Cuts of Vendian-Cambrian sediments before and after diagenesis and katagenesis are given. Detailed construction helped to establish antiform structure of the sedimentary cover deposition over the basement ledges, allowing visually see in retrospect a sediment`s restructuring and its influence on the formation of hydrocarbon traps. The information on the rising pore pressure within the ledges is provided, due to which there is a subvertical fluid migration through both sulfate-carbonate rocks and interformational mudstones which to the beginning of elysion processes in Nepa formation were also unlithified porous sediments. It is suggested that the most permeable zones in the sulfate-carbonate rocks were formed over the edge portions of the projections as the most deformed during compaction of sand and clay deposits Nepa formation and restructuring of the upper section of the sedimentary cover. It is suggested that the elysion stage of sedimentary basin development within ledges and arched structure of Vendian-Cambrian deposits leads to dissolution and mobilization by aqueous solutions of the sedimentary rocks substance at depth and their migration mostly up. The results outlined in this paper are supported by the core data analysis

Optical detection of a single rare-earth ion in a crystal

Rare-earth-doped laser materials show strong prospects for quantum information storage and processing, as well as for biological imaging, due to their high-Q 4f↔4f optical transitions. However, the inability to optically detect single rare-earth dopants has prevented these materials from reaching their full potential. Here we detect a single photostable Pr(3+) ion in yttrium aluminium garnet nanocrystals with high contrast photon antibunching by using optical upconversion of the excited state population of the 4f↔4f optical transition into ultraviolet fluorescence. We also demonstrate on-demand creation of Pr(3+) ions in a bulk yttrium aluminium garnet crystal by patterned ion implantation. Finally, we show generation of local nanophotonic structures and cell death due to photochemical effects caused by upconverted ultraviolet fluorescence of praseodymium-doped yttrium aluminium garnet in the surrounding environment. Our study demonstrates versatile use of rare-earth atomic-size ultraviolet emitters for nanoengineering and biotechnological applications

Radiation hydrodynamics of SN 1987A: I. Global analysis of the light curve for the first 4 months

The optical/UV light curves of SN 1987A are analyzed with the multi-energy group radiation hydrodynamics code STELLA. The calculated monochromatic and bolometric light curves are compared with observations shortly after shock breakout, during the early plateau, through the broad second maximum, and during the earliest phase of the radioactive tail. We have concentrated on a progenitor model calculated by Nomoto & Hashimoto and Saio, Nomoto, & Kato, which assumes that 14 solar masses of the stellar mass is ejected. Using this model, we have updated constraints on the explosion energy and the extent of mixing in the ejecta. In particular, we determine the most likely range of E/M (explosion energy over ejecta mass) and R_0 (radius of the progenitor). In general, our best models have energies in the range E = (1.1 +/- 0.3) x 10^{51} ergs, and the agreement is better than in earlier, flux-limited diffusion calculations for the same explosion energy. Our modeled B and V fluxes compare well with observations, while the flux in U undershoots after about 10 days by a factor of a few, presumably due to NLTE and line transfer effects. We also compare our results with IUE observations, and a very good quantitative agreement is found for the first days, and for one IUE band (2500-3000 A) as long as for 3 months. We point out that the V flux estimated by McNaught & Zoltowski should probably be revised to a lower value.Comment: 27 pages AASTeX v.4.0 + 35 postscript figures. ApJ, accepte

Room temperature plasmon laser by total internal reflection

Plasmon lasers create and sustain intense and coherent optical fields below light's diffraction limit with the unique ability to drastically enhance light-matter interactions bringing fundamentally new capabilities to bio-sensing, data storage, photolithography and optical communications. However, these important applications require room temperature operation, which remains a major hurdle. Here, we report a room temperature semiconductor plasmon laser with both strong cavity feedback and optical confinement to 1/20th of the wavelength. The strong feedback arises from total internal reflection of surface plasmons, while the confinement enhances the spontaneous emission rate by up to 20 times.Comment: 8 Page, 2 Figure

Quantum Statistics of Surface Plasmon Polaritons in Metallic Stripe Waveguides

Single surface plasmon polaritons are excited using photons generated via spontaneous parametric down-conversion. The mean excitation rates, intensity correlations and Fock state populations are studied. The observed dependence of the second order coherence in our experiment is consistent with a linear uncorrelated Markovian environment in the quantum regime. Our results provide important information about the effect of loss for assessing the potential of plasmonic waveguides for future nanophotonic circuitry in the quantum regime.Comment: 21 pages, 6 figures, published in Nano Letters, publication date (web): March 27 (2012

Enhanced reaction kinetics in biological cells

The cell cytoskeleton is a striking example of "active" medium driven out-of-equilibrium by ATP hydrolysis. Such activity has been shown recently to have a spectacular impact on the mechanical and rheological properties of the cellular medium, as well as on its transport properties : a generic tracer particle freely diffuses as in a standard equilibrium medium, but also intermittently binds with random interaction times to motor proteins, which perform active ballistic excursions along cytoskeletal filaments. Here, we propose for the first time an analytical model of transport limited reactions in active media, and show quantitatively how active transport can enhance reactivity for large enough tracers like vesicles. We derive analytically the average interaction time with motor proteins which optimizes the reaction rate, and reveal remarkable universal features of the optimal configuration. We discuss why active transport may be beneficial in various biological examples: cell cytoskeleton, membranes and lamellipodia, and tubular structures like axons.Comment: 10 pages, 2 figure

СООТНОШЕНИЕ РАЗЛОМНЫХ АНСАМБЛЕЙ ПАЛЕОЗОЙСКОГО И КАЙНОЗОЙСКОГО ВОЗРАСТА НА ТЕРРИТОРИИ ЗАПАДНОЙ ЧАСТИ АЛТАЕ-САЯНСКОЙ СКЛАДЧАТОЙ ОБЛАСТИ

Fault structures in folded areas are an important element of the geological structure. Their age and history of development affect seismicity, distribution of minerals, and engineering and geological characteristics of the area. The geological structure of the Altai-Sayan folded area was mainly formed during the Paleozoic and transformed during the Cenozoic activation. Geoinformation methods and technologies were used to compare between the Paleozoic and Cenozoic fault networks. It is shown that the degree of reactivation of the Paleozoic faults varies greatly within the territory.Conjugate analysis of the orientation and spatial distribution of faults of different ages in the study area does not confirm that the Cenozoic fault system was formed by reactivation or inherited development of the Paleozoic fault system. These two systems arose at different compression orientations. The left-lateral strike-slip ensemble was formed under sublatitudinal compression in the Paleozoic, and the right-lateral strike-slip ensemble - under submeridional compression in the Cenozoic. A significant coincidence between the directions of the main faults of different ages is due to their dominant strike along the boundaries of the accretionary complexes in the region.Разломные структуры в складчатых областях являются важным элементом геологической структуры. Их возраст и история развития влияют на сейсмичность, распределение полезных ископаемых, инженерно-геологические характеристики местности. Геологическая структура Алтае-Саянской складчатой области в основном сформировалась в палеозое, но была преобразована в ходе кайнозойской активизации. Методами геоинформационных технологий проведено сравнение палеозойской и кайнозойской сетей разломов. Показано, что степень реактивации палеозойских разломов сильно варьируется в пределах территории.Сопряженный анализ ориентировки и пространственного размещения разновозрастных разломов изучаемой территории не подтверждает представление о том, что кайнозойская система разломов формировалась путем реактивации или унаследованного развития палеозойской системы разрывных нарушений. Эти две системы возникали при разных ориентировках сжатия. В палеозое при субширотном сжатии формировался левосдвиговый ансамбль, а в кайнозое в условиях субмеридионального сжатия - правосдвиговый. Существенное совпадение направлений магистральных разломов разного возраста обусловлено их доминирующим простиранием согласно границам аккреционных комплексов региона

Resonant enhancement of the zero-phonon emission from a color center in a diamond cavity

We demonstrate coupling of the zero-phonon line of individual nitrogen-vacancy centers and the modes of microring resonators fabricated in single-crystal diamond. A zero-phonon line enhancement exceeding ten-fold is estimated from lifetime measurements at cryogenic temperatures. The devices are fabricated using standard semiconductor techniques and off-the-shelf materials, thus enabling integrated diamond photonics.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure