The Retailing Study Project Report: A Series of Research Studies from the Walton College of Business

The respondents to questions about consumer behavior towards general merchandise and grocery retailers revealed distinct divisions among the three large retailers. This study is in response to the dynamic and chaotic nature of today\u27s retailing. U.S. retail accounts for 16 percent of U.S. GDP with just a few key retailers contributing most heavily. Mergers and acquisition continue to change the retail landscape, and with Amazon growth and ecommerce on the rise, it was time to check shopper perceptions toward the three major retailers: Walmart, Amazon and Target

The Forces Changing U.S. Shopping Behavior

The future of retail is all about catering to the consumer. To survive retail’s newest challenge, retailers must understand what’s shaping consumer demand

Online or In-Store - Shopper Channel Preference Study - 2023

As channels converge, consumers have many choices for shopping. Understanding how consumers shop is important for retailers looking to customize their product and service offerings. This report of US Shoppers provides key insights on the current trends in selecting the channels for shopping

Shopping Marketing Tactics that Drive Purchases

Technology is reshaping the retail experience. In the fight for market share, how effective are traditional marketing tactics and technology offerings at attracting shoppers

Online or In-Store - Shopper Channel Preference Study - 2023

As channels converge, consumers have many choices for shopping. Understanding how consumers shop is important for retailers looking to customize their product and service offerings. This report of US Shoppers provides key insights on the current trends in selecting the channels for shopping

Home Internet Access and Usage in the USA: Trends in the Socio-Economic Digital Divide

Past research has found evidence of the existence of a significant digital divide among various socio-economic segments in terms of Internet access and usage. In this research, we use two annual (2002 and 2008) cohorts of demographically representative national random samples to investigate the relative levels of digital divide along the typical socio-economic fault lines. We find from our statistical analyses that not only does a deep digital divide still persist along key dimensions (like education) of the socio-economic fault lines, it has in fact widened along several key dimensions (like income and urban-rural divide)

Obstetrical anal sphincter injuries and outcome of primary repair

Background: OASIs (obstetrical anal sphincter injuries) involve third and fourth degree perineal tears during the process of vaginal birth. It is a grave complication as it can affect quality of life. Incidence of OASIs is on rise in developed countries. We have analyzed OASIs data from a teaching institute in India.Methods: It was a retrospective study. Data was collected from delivery register, postnatal care OPD register and case sheets of patients with OASIs. Data was analyzed to determine incidence and risk factors. The outcome of primary suturing was assessed as per records in postnatal OPD.Results: OASIs was detected in 35 patients (incidence 0.42%), third degree perineal tear was seen in 31 patients, while four patients had forth degree tear. Out of these 35 patients 21 were nullipara. Sixteen patients were instrumental deliveries, 13 and 3 delivered by outlet forceps and ventouse respectively. Primary suturing of the tear was done in 34 patients under anaesthesia. Out of 24 patients who followed up in postnatal clinic at six weeks, 14 patients were asymptomatic. Two had faecal incontinence, while eight had perineal pain.Conclusions: Nulliparity, instrumental delivery, increasing birth weight were high risk factors for obstetrical anal sphincter injuries. Obstetrician needs to be more careful while delivering a patient with multiple risk factors for OASIs. Primary suturing of anal sphincter injury with good post-operative care has a favorable outcome

Formulation and Evaluation of Colon Targeted Oral Drug Delivery Systems for Metronidazole in Treatment of Amoebiasis

The aim of present study was to develop colon targeted system for metronidazole using guar gum and xanthan gum. Matrix formulations containing various proportions of guar gum and xanthan gum were prepared by wet granulation technique using 10% starch paste. Later on, multilayer tablets were prepared by using 50 mg and 100 mg of guar gum as release controlling layer on either side of (M5) guar gum matrix tablets of metronidazole. All the formulations were evaluated for in-process quality control tests. The in-vitro drug release study was undertaken at 37±0.5°C in 0.1N HCl for 2 h; followed by pH 7.4 phosphate buffer (3h) finally in, simulated colonic fluid pH 6.8 phosphate buffer containing 4%w/v rat ceacal content for 15 h. Results indicated that guar gum was alone failed to control drug release. M5 (GG: XG, 0:100) formulation seems to quiet promising for colonic drug delivery and only 12.3% drug is released in first 5h wherease, other matrix tablets released 12-33% of metronidazole in physiological environment of stomach and small intestine. When studies were continued in colonic fluids, matrix tablets released almost 100% drug. whereas, metronidazole multilayer formulations did not release drug in stomach and small intestine, but delivered drug to the colon resulting in slow absorption of the drug and making drug available for local action in the colon

Formulation and Evaluation of Colon Targeted Oral Drug Delivery Systems for Metronidazole in Treatment of Amoebiasis

The aim of present study was to develop colon targeted system for metronidazole using guar gum and xanthan gum. Matrix formulations containing various proportions of guar gum and xanthan gum were prepared by wet granulation technique using 10% starch paste. Later on, multilayer tablets were prepared by using 50 mg and 100 mg of guar gum as release controlling layer on either side of (M5) guar gum matrix tablets of metronidazole. All the formulations were evaluated for in-process quality control tests. The in-vitro drug release study was undertaken at 37±0.5°C in 0.1N HCl for 2 h; followed by pH 7.4 phosphate buffer (3h) finally in, simulated colonic fluid pH 6.8 phosphate buffer containing 4%w/v rat ceacal content for 15 h. Results indicated that guar gum was alone failed to control drug release. M5 (GG: XG, 0:100) formulation seems to quiet promising for colonic drug delivery and only 12.3% drug is released in first 5h wherease, other matrix tablets released 12-33% of metronidazole in physiological environment of stomach and small intestine. When studies were continued in colonic fluids, matrix tablets released almost 100% drug. whereas, metronidazole multilayer formulations did not release drug in stomach and small intestine, but delivered drug to the colon resulting in slow absorption of the drug and making drug available for local action in the colon