152 research outputs found
Electron cyclotron mass in undoped CdTe/CdMnTe quantum wells
Optically detected cyclotron resonance of two-dimensional electrons has been
studied in nominally undoped CdTe/(Cd,Mn)Te quantum wells. The enhancement of
carrier quantum confinement results in an increase of the electron cyclotron
mass from 0.099 to 0.112 with well width decreasing from 30 down to
3.6 nm. Model calculations of the electron effective mass have been performed
for this material system and good agreement with experimental data is achieved
for an electron-phonon coupling constant =0.32
The Gauge Fields and Ghosts in Rindler Space
We consider 2d Maxwell system defined on the Rindler space with metric
ds^2=\exp(2a\xi)\cdot(d\eta^2-d\xi^2) with the goal to study the dynamics of
the ghosts. We find an extra contribution to the vacuum energy in comparison
with Minkowski space time with metric ds^2= dt^2-dx^2. This extra contribution
can be traced to the unphysical degrees of freedom (in Minkowski space). The
technical reason for this effect to occur is the property of Bogolubov's
coefficients which mix the positive and negative frequencies modes. The
corresponding mixture can not be avoided because the projections to positive
-frequency modes with respect to Minkowski time t and positive -frequency modes
with respect to the Rindler observer's proper time \eta are not equivalent. The
exact cancellation of unphysical degrees of freedom which is maintained in
Minkowski space can not hold in the Rindler space. In BRST approach this effect
manifests itself as the presence of BRST charge density in L and R parts. An
inertial observer in Minkowski vacuum |0> observes a universe with no net BRST
charge only as a result of cancellation between the two. However, the Rindler
observers who do not ever have access to the entire space time would see a net
BRST charge. In this respect the effect resembles the Unruh effect. The effect
is infrared (IR) in nature, and sensitive to the horizon and/or boundaries. We
interpret the extra energy as the formation of the "ghost condensate" when the
ghost degrees of freedom can not propagate, but nevertheless do contribute to
the vacuum energy. Exact computations in this simple 2d model support the claim
made in [1] that the ghost contribution might be responsible for the observed
dark energy in 4d FLRW universe.Comment: Final version to appear in Phys. Rev. D. Comments on relation with
energy momentum computations and few new refs are adde
Dynamical mass generation in quantum field theory : some methods with application to the Gross-Neveu model and Yang-Mills theory
We introduce some techniques to investigate dynamical mass generation. The
Gross-Neveu model (GN) is used as a toy model, because the GN mass gap is
exactly known, making it possible to check reliability of the various methods.
Very accurate results are obtained. Also application to SU(N) Yang-Mills (YM)
is discussed.Comment: 8 LaTeX2e pages, uses Kluwer class file crckbked.cls. Kluwer package
included. To appear in: Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Research Workshop on
"Confinement, Topology, and other Non-Perturbative Aspects of QCD", Stara
Lesna, Slovakia, 21-27 jan 200
Color Confinement and Massive Gluons
Color confinement is one of the central issues in QCD so that there are
various interpretations of this feature. In this paper we have adopted the
interpretation that colored particles are not subject to observation just
because colored states are unphysical in the sense of Eq. (2.16). It is shown
that there are two phases in QCD distinguished by different choices of the
gauge parameter. In one phase, called the "confinement phase", color
confinement is realized and gluons turn out to be massive. In the other phase,
called the "deconfinement phase", color confinement is not realized, but the
gluons remain massless.Comment: 14 page
Gauge invariance of dimension two condensate in Yang-Mills theory
Gauge independence of dimension two condensate in Yang-Mills theory is
demonstrated by using a noncommutative theory technique.Comment: 7 page
The non-perturbative groundstate of Q.C.D and the local composite operator A_mu^2
We investigate the possibility that the dimension 2 condensate A_mu^2 has a
non zero non-perturbative value in Yang-Mills theory. We introduce a
multiplicatively renormalisable effective potential for this condensate and
show through two loop calculations that a non zero condensate is energetically
favoured.Comment: 12 page
Experimental study of module of the thermal hydraulic actuator
ΠΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΎ Π΅ΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½Π΅ Π΄ΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ»Ρ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π³ΡΠ΄ΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΄Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π½Ρ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠΊΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠΉΠ½ΠΎΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ. ΠΡΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΎ Π΅ΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½Ρ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π·ΠΌΡΠ½ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡ Ρ ΠΊΡΠ°ΠΉΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠΎΡΠΊΠ°Ρ
ΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ·Ρ ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ·ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ Ρ Π΅ΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½Ρ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊΡ Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Ρ
Π°ΡΠ° (ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΡΠΎΠ½Ρ) Π² ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ΄ ΠΏΡΠ΄Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π½Ρ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠ³ΡΡ Π΄ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ»Ρ ΡΠ° Π² ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ΄ Π²ΡΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΡ
ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ. ΠΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ½Π°Π½ΠΎ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΡΠ· ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ² Π΅ΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ, Π²ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π»ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ»Ρ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π³ΡΠ΄ΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ.Purpose. The characteristics of the module during the supply of heat and time return the module to its original state was studied. Design/methodology/approach. We investigated the characteristics of the thermal hydraulic module. The experimental characteristics of the temperature change at the extremal points for axial section of the expansion chamber at the period of receiving the constant power heat flow and for the cooling period was obtained. The pusherβs displacement characteristics for the same conditions were obtained too. Some of the features for thermal hydraulic module were seted. Findings. The Π°Π³ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΡΡΠΏ of the module are strongly influenced by the exploitative conditions. Also updated accounting of certain processes in the module. Originality/value. The experimental characteristics of the module, which can be used to verify and refine the mathematical model were analized. It allows to take into account the influence of the environment on the characteristics of the thermal hydraulic actuator at the design stage.ΠΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ»Ρ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π³ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠΊΠ° ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ. ΠΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡ Π² ΠΊΡΠ°ΠΉΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΡΠΎΡΠΊΠ°Ρ
ΠΎΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄Π° ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ (ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΡΠΎΠ½Π°) Π² ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³ΠΈΠΈ ΠΊ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ»Ρ ΠΈ Π² ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΎΡ
Π»Π°ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ, ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ»Ρ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π³ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Π°
Π’Π΅ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ Π³ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠ°Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄
Π ΠΎΠ·Π³Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠΈΠΏΠΎΠ²Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½Ρ ΡΡ
Π΅ΠΌΠΈ Π³ΡΠ΄ΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ² ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΡΠ°Π½Π½Ρ. Π ΠΎΠ·Π³Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ»ΡΠ² ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π³ΡΠ΄ΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ. ΠΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½Ρ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈ, ΡΠΎ Π²ΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΡ Π½Π° Π²ΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΄Π½Ρ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ° ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ. Π ΠΎΠ·Π³Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡΠΎ ΡΡΠ΄ ΡΡΠ΄ΠΈΠ½, ΡΠΊΡ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΡΡΡ Π±ΡΡΠΈ Π²ΠΈΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ°Π½Ρ Π² ΡΠΊΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ»Π° Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π³ΡΠ΄ΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ. Π ΠΎΠ·Π³Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΈ, ΡΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΄Π±ΡΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡΡ Π² ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΌΡ Π³ΡΠ΄ΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠΈΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄Ρ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ»Ρ. ΠΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΎ Π΅ΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈ Π΄Π»Ρ Π΄ΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ·ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΠΎΡ ΡΡΠ΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΈ. ΠΠ° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Ρ ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ
Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ·ΡΠ°Ρ
ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΊ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΡΠ² Ρ
ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ»Ρ.Purpose. Justification of the possibility of using the thermal hydraulic actuator as tracker in solar power systems, design of the rational construction of actuator and development of mathematical tools for prediction its characteristics. Design/methodology/approach. The design and principle of known trackers of solar power systems were considered. The overview of design and principle of thermal actuators carried out. Ability of fluids to expand by influence of temperatures was chosen as principle for the thermal hydraulic actuator. The working fluid of the module of the thermal hydraulic actuator to produce necessary pusherβs displacement was selected. The expansion of the working fluid depends of its temperature was investigated by experimental research. There is theoretical calculation based on experimental data for prediction parameters of idling of the module of the thermal hydraulic actuator were performed. Findings. It is found that there are possibilities of using the thermal hydraulic actuator that based on the thermal volumetric expansion of the working fluid as tracker for the solar power systems. Originality/value. Using of the thermal hydraulic actuator in the solar power system makes possible positioning of receiver without consuming of electrical energy. It leads to more efficiency work of the solar power system.Π Π°ΡΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΡΠΈΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΡ
Π΅ΠΌΡ Π³ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠ°Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Π²ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ. Π Π°ΡΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π³ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Π°. ΠΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΡ, Π²Π»ΠΈΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π° Π²ΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΠ΅ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Π°. Π Π°ΡΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½ ΡΡΠ΄ ΠΆΠΈΠ΄ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ Π±ΡΡΡ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ Π² ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π»Π° Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π³ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Π°. Π Π°ΡΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡ Π² ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΌ Π³ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ»Ρ. ΠΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Ρ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΆΠΈΠ΄ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΈ. ΠΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ² Ρ
ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄Π° Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ»Ρ
ΠΠ°Π΄ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ Π΄ΠΈΡΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΡ, Π²ΡΠ·Π²Π°Π½Π½Π°Ρ ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ. ΠΠΊΡΡΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΡΠΏΠΎΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΌΠ±ΡΠ°Π½Π½Π°Ρ ΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ³Π΅Π½Π°ΡΠΈΡ. ΠΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π΅ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π³ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ½Π°
ABSTRACT Currently, the assessment of adrenal dysfunction in critically ill patients and ways to correct adrenal dysfunction with hormone replacement therapy are extremely difficult. The results of the Cochrane meta-analysis βCorticosteroids for treating sepsisβ showed that survival was higher among patients with respiratory distress syndrome and septic shock who received glucocorticoids (mainly hydrocortisone) for a long course and at low doses. These results are in very good agreement with the concept of critical illness-related corticosteroid insufficiency (CIRCI) development in the subacute and chronic stages of a critical condition and the need to prescribe glucocorticoid replacement therapy in this situation. International guidelines for the treatment of sepsis and septic shock for 2016 suggest avoiding the use of hydrocortisone in patients who developed sepsis. Only the development of septic shock, and the persisting instability of hemodynamics against the background of achieving normovolemia and high doses of vasopressors, are the indication for the use of hydrocortisone 200 mg intravenously. In 2021, revised guidelines approved the administration of hydrocortisone to patients in septic shock without waiting for an adequate fluid loading to be achieved. In contrast to these recommendations, the Society of Critical Care Medicine and the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine, in their recommendations for 2017, suggest for adrenal dysfunction caused by a critical condition in patients with severe community-acquired pneumonia and circulatory arrest the use of hydrocortisone in the early stages, before the development of multiple organ failure. The existing guidelines do not consider the use of hydrocortisone in critical conditions during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). The timing of hydrocortisone administration to critically ill patients requiring ECMO, and the duration of this therapy are currently a topical issue for intensive care specialists. To ensure the completeness of the list of references for compiling a systematic review in the databases MEDLINE, PubMed, MeSH, eLibrary.EN a search was performed for matches, by keywords, and phrases, the roots of keywords, taking into account possible word forms, by the first two hundred relevant links, in case there were so many links. The exclusion criterion was βthe use of synthetic glucocorticoidsβ.Π Π½Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠ° Π½Π°ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ Π½Π°Π΄ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ² Ρ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ², Π½Π°Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΡ Π² ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΈ, ΠΈ ΠΏΡΡΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ Π΄ΠΈΡΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ Π½Π°Π΄ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ² Π·Π°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π³ΠΎΡΠΌΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΊΡΠ°ΠΉΠ½Π΅ Π·Π°ΡΡΡΠ΄Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ. ΠΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌ ΠΠΎΠΊΡΠ΅ΠΉΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° Β«ΠΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΎΠΈΠ΄Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠ°Β» Π±ΡΠ»ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ Π²ΡΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π»Π°ΡΡ Π²ΡΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Ρ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΏΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠΌ Π΄ΠΈΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡ-ΡΠΈΠ½Π΄ΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΌ, ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π²ΡΠΈΡ
Π³Π»ΡΠΊΠΎΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΎΠΈΠ΄Ρ (ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΈΠΌΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ β Π³ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ½) Π΄Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΊΡΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΈ Π² Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΈΡ
Π΄ΠΎΠ·Π°Ρ
. ΠΠ°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΊΡΠ°ΠΉΠ½Π΅ Ρ
ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ³Π»Π°ΡΡΡΡΡΡ Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΈ Π½Π°Π΄ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ Π΄ΠΈΡΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ Π² ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ Ρ
ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΡΡ
ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π½Π°Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π·Π°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ Π³Π»ΡΠΊΠΎΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΎΠΈΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ Π² ΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ. ΠΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄ΡΠ½Π°ΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΄Π°ΡΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠ° ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠΊΠ° ΠΎΡ 2016 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π»Π°Π³Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΈΠ·Π±Π΅Π³Π°ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π³ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ½Π° Ρ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠ°. Π ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠΊΠ° ΠΈ ΡΠΎΡ
ΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡ Π½Π΅ΡΡΠ°Π±ΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π³Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π½Π° ΡΠΎΠ½Π΅ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π½ΠΎΡΠΌΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΡ
Π΄ΠΎΠ· Π²Π°Π·ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΊ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π³ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ½Π° 200 ΠΌΠ³ Π²Π½ΡΡΡΠΈΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ. Π 2021 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Ρ Π² ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΄Π°ΡΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎ Π²Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π³ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ½Π° ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°ΠΌ Ρ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΌ, Π½Π΅ Π΄ΠΎΠΆΠΈΠ΄Π°ΡΡΡ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π½ΠΎΡΠΌΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠΈΠΈ. Π ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π΅Ρ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΄Π°ΡΠΈΡΠΌ, ΠΠ±ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΠΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Ρ ΠΈ ΠΠ²ΡΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΠΠ±ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΠΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π’Π΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ Π² ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΄Π°ΡΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΡ 2017 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π»Π°Π³Π°ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π½Π°Π΄ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ Π΄ΠΈΡΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ, Π²ΡΠ·Π²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Ρ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Ρ ΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠΉ Π²Π½Π΅Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ½Π΅Π²ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ, ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π³ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ½Π° Π² ΡΠ°Π½Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΈ, Π΄ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ. Π ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΄Π°ΡΠΈΡΡ
Π½Π΅ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π³ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ½Π° Π² ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΡΠΏΠΎΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΌΠ±ΡΠ°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ³Π΅Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ (ΠΠΠΠ). ΠΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Π½Π°Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π³ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ½Π° ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°ΠΌ, Π½Π°Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠΈΠΌΡΡ Π² ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ Π½ΡΠΆΠ΄Π°ΡΡΠΈΠΌΡΡ Π² ΠΠΠΠ, ΠΈ Π΄Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ Π² Π½Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π΅ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ Π°ΠΊΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π² ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ. ΠΠ»Ρ ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΎΡΡ ΡΠΏΠΈΡΠΊΠ° Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±Π·ΠΎΡΠ° Π² Π±Π°Π·Π°Ρ
Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
MEDLINE, PubMed, MeSH, eLIBRARY.RU Π±ΡΠ» Π²ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½ ΠΏΠΎΠΈΡΠΊ ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π²ΡΠΌ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π°ΠΌ ΠΈ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠΌ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π²ΡΡ
ΡΠ»ΠΎΠ² Ρ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΌ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΌ ΠΏΠΎ Π΄Π²ΡΠΌΡΡΠ°ΠΌ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΡΡΡΠ»ΠΊΠ°ΠΌ Π² ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅ Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° ΡΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠΊ. ΠΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΈΡΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ β Β«ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π³Π»ΡΠΊΠΎΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΎΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ²Β».
Dimension two vacuum condensates in gauge-invariant theories
Gauge dependence of the dimension two condensate in Abelian and non-Abelian
Yang-Mills theory is investigated.Comment: 10 page
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