Risiko Inisiasi Menyusu Dini dan Praktek Asi Eksklusif terhadap Kejadian Stunting pada Anak 6-24 Bulan (Early Breastfeeding Initiation And Exclusive Breastfeeding AS Risk Factors Of Stunting Children 6-24 Months-old)

Some of causes of stunting are the deferment of early breastfeeding initiation and the administration of the non-exclusive breastfeeding. The objective of this study was to elaborate relationship of early breastfeeding initiation and exclusive breastfeeding administration history to the stunting. This sudy used the observational analytical research method with the cross-sectional design. Its subjects were 33 stunting and 77 non-stunting children aged 6-24 months in Boyolali Regency. Data was analyzed by using the chi-square test and multiple logistic regression analysis. The stunting children who got the early breastfeeding initiation were 14, and those who did not get the early breastfeeding initiation were 19. The stunting children who got the exclusive breastfeeding were 4 and those who did not get the exclusive breastfeeding were 29. Early breastfeeding initiation and exclusive breastfeeding had a significant correlation with the stunting as indicated by the p-value <0.05. The children who did not get the early breastfeeding initiation have the possibility of 3.69 times higher to suffer from stunting than those who got the early breastfeeding initiation. In addition, the children who did not get the exclusive breastfeeding have the possibility of 9.5 times higher to suffer from stunting than those who got the exclusive breastfeeding. Therefore, nutrition education to the gestational mothers on the importance of exclusive breastfeeding administration is required

Studi pertumbuhan dan pemudaran kota pelabuhan kasus gilimanuk jepara

Pelabuhan merupakan tempat kapal dapat berlabuh dengan aman. Tempat ini memiliki fasilitas yang dapat melayani kegiatan bongkar-muat kapal baik penumpang maupun barang. Lokasi suatu pelabuhan yang baik antara lain terlindung, terletak pada jalur perdagangan dan kemudahan pencapaian pelabuhan dari daerah belakang yang merupakan daerah produksi maupun sebagai daerah konsumen barang. Buku ini berisi tentang studi pertumbuhan dan pemudaran kota pelabuhan kasus Gilimanuk Jepara

Barriers and facilitators for health professionals referring Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander tobacco smokers to the Quitline

Objective: To examine the barriers and facilitators among health professionals to providing referrals to Quitline for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander clients who smoke. Methods: A brief online survey, based on the Theoretical Domains Framework, was completed by 34 health professionals who work with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people in South Australia and the Northern Territory. Results: Respondents who frequently made referrals had higher domain scores than less frequent referrers for ‘Skills and knowledge’ (M=4.44 SD=0.39 vs. M=4.09 SD=0.47, p<0.05) and ‘beliefs about capabilities’ (M=4.33 SD=0.44 vs. M=3.88 SD=0.42, p<0.01). Barriers to providing referrals to Quitline were lack of client access to a phone, cost of a phone call, preference for face-to-face interventions, and low client motivation to quit. Conclusions: Health professionals working with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander clients should be supported to build their skills and confidence to provide referrals to Quitline and other brief cessation interventions. Building capacity for face-to-face support locally would be beneficial where phone support is not preferable. Implications for public health: Engaging with health professionals who work with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people to increase referrals to Quitline is strategic as it builds on their existing capacity to provide cessation support.Kimberley Martin, Joanne Dono, Nathan Rigney, Joanne Rayner, Alana Sparrow, Caroline Miller, Andrea Mckivett, Kerin O'Dea, David Roder, Jacqueline Bowde

IDENTIFICATION OF POLYMORPHISM ON SIMPLE SEQUENCE REPEATS MARKERS ASSOCIATED WITH BROWN PLANTHOPPER RESISTANCE GENES IN TWENTY RICE GENOTYPES AND THEIR GENETIC RELATIONSHIP

Brown planthopper is one of the most destructive insect pest of rice in Indonesia and other Asian countries. Pyramiding some brown planthopper resistance genes is a valuable approach to create more durable resistance against the pest. The objective of this study was to identify polymorphisms of Brown Planthopper Resistance genes (Bph) on 20 genotypes of rice, and to obtain genetic relationship among genotypes tested. The experiment was conducted from June to September 2012 at Green House and Laboratory of Plant Analysis and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor. Twenty genotypes were analyzed, and two of them were used as check varieties. Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) markers were applied to detect Bph3, Bph4, Qbph3, and Qbph4 genes. Polymorphic levels were analyzed by calculating PIC (Polymorphic Information Content). The grouping of rice genotypes were done based on principal components analysis (PCA) of SSR data, and the genetic relationship based on the presence of Bph genes was estimated using UPGMA (Unweighted Pair Group With Arithmetic mean). Results showed that RM313, RM8072, RM8213, RM5953, RM586, and RM589 markers were polymorphic. Rice genotypes PTB 33, Diah Suci, Cibogo, Cisantana, Digul, Ciherang, Inpari 13, Inpari 10, and Memberamo had Bph3, Qbph3, Bph4, and Qbph4. Meanwhile Bph3, Qbph3, and Bph4 were supposed to be belonged by IR 64, Aek Sibundong, Batang Gadis, IR 66, and Mekongga. Kalimas and Tukat Penatu had Bph3, Qbph3, dan Qbph4. IR 74 had Bph3 and Qbph3, and Fatmawati had Bph3 and Bph4. UPGMA clustering resulted in two main clusters, in which the first cluster consisted of 2 subclusters. PTB-33 was closely related with Memberamo, Tukat Penatu, Digul, Diah Suci, and Kalimas. The SSR markers used in this study were proven to be valuable in molecular detection of Bph genes and in estimating genetic relationsips of rice genotypes. PTB-33 was a good donor of resistance genes, as well as Memberamo, Tukat Penatu, Digul, Diah Suci, and Kalimas which were identified as promising donors in rice breeding resistance to brown planthopper.Keywords : Bph gene, Brown Planthopper, Genetic relationship, SSR markers

Sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption, correlates and interventions among Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities: a scoping review

Objectives Sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption in Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people is reported to be disproportionally high compared with the general Australian population. This review aimed to scope the literature documenting SSB consumption and interventions to reduce SSB consumption among Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people. Findings will inform strategies to address SSB consumption in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities. Methods PubMed, SCOPUS, CINAHL, Informit, Joanna Briggs Institute EBP, Mura databases and grey literature were searched for articles published between January 1980 and June 2018. Studies were included if providing data specific to an Australian Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander population’s SSB consumption or an intervention that focused on reducing SSB consumption in this population. Design Systematic scoping review. Results 59 articles were included (1846 screened). While reported SSB consumption was high, there were age-related and community-related differences observed in some studies. Most studies were conducted in remote or rural settings. Implementation of nutrition interventions that included an SSB component has built progressively in remote communities since the 1980s with a growing focus on community-driven, culturally sensitive approaches. More recent studies have focused exclusively on SSB consumption. Key SSB-related intervention elements included incentivising healthier options; reducing availability of less-healthy options; nutrition education; multifaceted or policy implementation (store nutrition or government policy). Conclusions There was a relatively large number of studies reporting data on SSB consumption and/or sales, predominantly from remote and rural settings. During analysis it was subjectively clear that the more impactful studies were those which were community driven or involved extensive community consultation and collaboration. Extracting additional SSB-specific consumption data from an existing nationally representative survey of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people could provide detailed information for demographic subgroups and benchmarks for future interventions. It is recommended that a consistent, culturally appropriate, set of consumption measures be developed.Kathleen M Wright, Joanne Dono, Aimee L Brownbill, Odette Pearson, nee Gibson, Jacqueline Bowden, Thomas P Wycherley, Wendy Keech, Kerin O'Dea, David Roder, Jodie C Avery, Caroline L Mille

"You can't just eat 16 teaspoons of sugar so why would you drink 16 teaspoons' worth of sugar?": a qualitative study of young adults' reactions to sugary drink warning labels

Background: Several jurisdictions have introduced nutrient warning front of pack (FoP) labels in an effort to curb consumption of ultra-processed foods and beverages high in free sugars (sugars added to foods and beverages, and sugars naturally present in honey, syrups, fruit juices and fruit juice concentrates). This study aimed to explore consumer understanding and perceptions of FoP warning labels that convey different nutritional and health information messages regarding the consumption of sugary drinks. Methods: Sixteen focus groups were held with 4–8 young adults per group (aged 18–24; n = 105 participants in total) stratified by education level, location (rural centres, large cities) and gender (males, females) to ensure diversity. Labels shown to participants during group discussions included text warning labels of health effects, exercise equivalents, calorie/kilojoule information and sugar content as a “high in” label and as teaspoons (text and pictograms). Thematic analysis was undertaken. Results: Four themes were identified related to participants’ perceived effectiveness of labels: the extent to which labels were perceived to be useful, relevant and credible; the extent to which a label elicited shock or disgust (perceived aversiveness); the extent to which the label message was resistant to self-exemption; and participants’ perceived potential of the label to reduce purchasing and consumption behaviour. Across all four themes, labels communicating the number of teaspoons of sugar in a sugary drink (whether by text or pictogram) were perceived as the most impactful, resistant to self-exemption and to have the greatest potential to reduce consumption, with enhanced reactions to the pictogram label. Labels depicting health effects, exercise equivalents, calorie/kilojoule information or a general ‘high in sugar’ warning were perceived by consumers to be less effective in one or more themes. Conclusions: Labels conveying the amount of sugar in a beverage in teaspoons were perceived as highly factual, relatable and interpretable, and as having the greatest potential to impact consumption attitudes and intentions. Further quantitative studies are required to compare the potential effectiveness of the teaspoons of sugar labels in reducing purchasing and consumption behaviour than other alternative warning labels, such as health effects or “high in” sugar labels.C Miller, K Wright, J Dono, S Pettigrew, M Wakefield, J Coveney, G Wittert, D Roder, S Durkin, J Martin, and K Ettridg

Consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages, Jjuice, artificially-sweetened soda and bottled water: an Australian population study

Reducing consumption of free sugars, such as those found in high concentrations in manufactured products such as sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) and 100% fruit juices, is a global public health priority. This study aimed to measure prevalence of widely available pre-packaged non-alcoholic water-based beverages (carbonated sodas, sports drinks, energy drinks, artificially-sweetened sodas, fruit juices (any type), and bottled water) and to comprehensively examine behavioral, environmental, current health, and demographic correlates of consumption. A cross-sectional, nationally-representative population survey of 3430 Australian adults (18+ years) was conducted using computer-assisted telephone (mobile and landline) interviewing. Past week prevalence of pre-packaged drinks containing free sugar was 47.3%; daily prevalence was 13.6%. Of all the pre-packaged drinks assessed, consumption of fruit juices (any type) was the most prevalent (38.8%), followed by bottled water (37.4%), soda (28.9%), artificially-sweetened soda (18.1%), sports drinks (8.1%), and energy drinks (4.2%). Higher soda consumption was associated with males, younger age, socio-economic disadvantage, frequent takeaway food consumption, availability of soda in the home, obesity, and a diagnosis of heart disease or depression. A diagnosis of Type 2 Diabetes was associated with increased likelihood of consuming artificially-sweetened sodas and decreased likelihood of consuming sugar-sweetened soda. SSB consumption is prevalent in Australia, especially among young adults and males, foreshadowing continued population weight gain and high burdens of chronic disease. To reduce consumption, Australia must take a comprehensive approach, incorporating policy reform, effective community education, and active promotion of water.Caroline Miller, Kerry Ettridge, Melanie Wakefield, Simone Pettigrew, John Coveney ... Gary Wittert ... et al

Nothing beats taste or convenience: a national survey of where and why people buy sugary drinks in Australia

First published: 08 June 2020OBJECTIVE: There is limited knowledge of what influences sugary drink purchasing decisions in the Australian population. This study aimed to identify the most common locations and reasons across different demographic groups for purchasing sugary drinks in Australia. METHODS: A total of 891 respondents (who purchased sugary drinks for personal consumption at least occasionally) from a broader national population telephone survey of Australian adults conducted in 2017 (n=3,430) were included in the analysis. RESULTS: 'Taste' was a ubiquitous reason for purchase (94%) and the majority also agreed with 'easily available' (76%). Males, younger people and people of lower socioeconomic status (SES) were significantly more likely to agree that sugary drinks were 'cheap' and 'better value than water'. Furthermore, males and younger people were more likely to report buying sugary drinks because they were 'part of a meal deal'. The most common purchase locations were supermarkets (56%), followed by convenience stores (19%) and food or entertainment venues (17%). CONCLUSION: Taste is paramount in decisions to purchase sugary drinks, and widespread availability and value for money support consumption. Implications for public health: Policies and interventions targeting point-of-sale sugary drink purchasing decisions among the most 'at risk' consumers are warranted.Joanne Dono, Kerry Ettridge, Melanie Wakefield, Simone Pettigrew ... David Roder ... Caroline Miller ... et al