AFRICA'S UNFINISHED BUSINESS: BUILDING SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SYSTEMS

This paper addresses four questions: · What lessons can be drawn from the "rise and decline" of NARS in Africa? · What can African research managers learn from some of the successful reforms of NARS in Asia and Latin America over the past 10 to 15 years? · What are the major challenges facing the NARS in the ASARECA region in the coming 10-20 years? · What are the critical reforms and the incentives needed to develop pluralistic, accountable, productive and financially self-sustaining NARS in AFRICA?Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies,

REBUILDING AFRICA'S SCIENTIFIC CAPACITY IN FOOD AND AGRICULTURE

Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies,

Ontogenic patterns of scent marking in red foxes, Vulpes vulpes (Carnivora: Canidae)

Scent marking is widely recognised to have a crucial function in many species. Most research has focussed on adults and very little is known about scent marking patterns during juvenile development. Using video records of juvenile red fox Vulpes vulpes across 6 years, we tested whether scent marking rates varied with age or sex, or whether juveniles remaining on the natal territory (philopatry) marked more frequently than those that disappeared. Our data show that male juvenile red foxes scent marked more than females during early development, but rates rapidly declined as they aged. In contrast, females showed a significantly later and slower rate of decline. Within females, individuals that remained in the natal area had higher scent marking rates than those that disappeared, suggesting that scent marking has a role in social group affiliation within litters. These results demonstrate that scent marking plays an important role in juveniles, including their intra-litter social interactions

Oersted Medal Lecture 2007: Interactive simulations for teaching physics: What works, what doesn't, and why

We give an overview of the Physics Educational Technology (PhET) project to research and develop web-based interactive simulations for teaching and learning physics. The design philosophy, simulation development and testing process, and range of available simulations are described. The highlights of PhET research on simulation design and effectiveness in a variety of educational settings are provided. This work has shown that a well-designed interactive simulation can be an engaging and effective tool for learning physics

FOREIGN AID AND THE AFRICAN FARMER

International Development,

Taking Stock of Retirement: How Workers and Employers Assess Pensions, Trust, and the Economy

This survey polls workers and employers regarding their views on corporate scandals and the collapse of Enron, the impact of these events on trust in the workplace, and policy strategies needed to increase pension and retirement security

The Disposable Worker: Living in a Job-Loss Economy

This important survey finds many U.S. workers have experienced job loss and the pinch of economic uncertainty during the 2000-2003 recession. The survey includes a large sample of workers who lost their jobs. The survey shows that many workers were laid off without any advance notice, severance pay, health care coverage, or career counseling. However, large numbers of workers believe these services and benefits are critical to their economic survival. Worker confidence in the U.S. economy and political leadership were at the lowest levels recorded in the history of the then six-year Work Trends series

NGO'S AND THE AFRICAN FARMER: A SKEPTICAL PERSPECTIVE

Institutional and Behavioral Economics,