A RAPID RP-HPLC METHOD DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION FOR THE QUANTITATIVE ESTIMATION OF DABIGATRAN ETEXILATE MESYLATE IN CAPSULES

Objective: To develop a rapid, sensitive, accurate, precise and linear Reverse Phase High Performance Liquid Chromatographic (RP-HPLC) method and validate as per ICH guidelines for the quantitative estimation of Dabigatran etexilate mesylate in capsules.Methods: The optimized method uses a reverse phase column, Waters Symmetry C18 (250 X 4.6 mm; 5μ), a mobile phase of tri ethylammonium phosphate buffer (pH 2.5):acetonitrile in the proportion of 40:60 v/v, flow rate of 1.0 ml/min and a detection wavelength of 313 nm using a UV detector.Results: The developed method resulted in Dabigatran etexilate mesylate eluting at 2.44 min. It exhibited linearity in the range 15-45μg/ml. The precision is exemplified by relative standard deviation of 0.05%. Percentage mean recovery was found to be in the range of 98â€102, during accuracy studies. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantitation (LOQ) was found to be 39.19μg/ml and 118.88μg/ml respectively.Conclusion: A sensitive, rapid, accurate, precise and linear RP-HPLC method was developed and validated for the quantitative estimation of Dabigatran etexilate mesylate in capsules as per ICH guidelines and hence it can be used for the routine analysis in various pharmaceutical industries.Â

Production of cellulase and laccase enzymes by Oudemansiella radicata using agro wastes under solid-state and submerged conditions

Oudemansiella radicata (Relhan ex Fr.) is one of the medicinally important edible mushrooms belonging to Tricholomataceae. In the present study we reported the efficient production of cellulase and laccase enzymes by O. radicata under submerged (SMF) and solid-state (SSF) fermentations. O. radicata had grown well both in submerged and solid-state conditions. Under submerged condition the maximum cellulase activity (490 units / ml / min) was observed. In the case of SSF the maximum cellulase activity was observed as 400 units / ml / min in wheat bran, followed by rice bran (367 units / ml / min). In the case of laccase production, the maximum activity was observed as 1.476 units / ml / min on 14th day at pH 7 under SMF. In solid substrate fermentation the maximum activity was noticed as 25.784 units / ml / min in rice bran. The next higher activity was 11.473 units / ml / min in wheat bran, and the least activity was recorded with saw dust. Higher levels of laccase and cellulase activity were seen in solid-state fermentation than in submerged fermentation. Hence the present results clearly explain that O. radicata is a potential candidate for the production of industrially important enzymes using agro-wastes

Deficiency of 25-Hydroxyvitamin D and Dyslipidemia in Indian Subjects

Background. Vitamin D deficiency is widespread throughout the world. Several reports have incriminated vitamin D deficiency as the cause of rickets, osteomalacia, and other chronic diseases. Recent studies have suggested a possible link between deficiency of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and dyslipidemia. Aim. To investigate the association between 25-hydroxyvitamin D deficiency and dyslipidemia in Indian subjects. Methodology. We recruited 150 asymptomatic consecutive subjects from patients' attendees at the Departments of Neurology and Medicine in Yashoda Hospital, Hyderabad, India. Study period was from October 2011 to March 2012. All subjects underwent 25-hydroxyvitamin D assay by chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay, fasting blood sugar and lipid profile, calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase, and C-reactive protein (CRP). Results. Out of 150 subjects, men were 82 (54.6%), and mean age was 49.4 (±15.6) years. Among risk factors, hypertension was noted in 63/150 (42%), 25-hydroxyvitamin D deficiency in 59/150 (39.3%), diabetes in 45/150 (30%), dyslipidemia in 60 (40%), smoking in 35/150 (23.3%), and alcoholism in 27/150 (18%). Deficiency of 25-hydroxyvitamin D was significantly associated with dyslipidemia ( = 0.0001), mean serum glucose ( = 0.0002) mean CRP ( = 0.04), and mean alkaline phosphatase ( = 0.01). Multivariate analysis showed that 25-hydroxyvitamin D deficiency was independently associated with dyslipidemia (odds ratio: 1.9; 95% CI : 1.1-3.5). Conclusions. We found that deficiency of 25-hydroxyvitamin D was independently associated with dyslipidemia in Indian subjects

Electroless ternary Ni-Co-P and quaternary Ni-W-Co-P coatings: Preparation and characterization

Autocatalytic/electroless quaternary NiCoWP coatings were prepared by using an alkaline based bath. Ternary NiCoP coatings were also prepared for the comparison. Coatings were characterized for their morphology, composition, phase transformation behavior, microhardness and corrosion resistance. Surface of the both deposits exhibited nodular structure but W incorporation in NiCoP matrix had resulted in a marginal increase in nodularity. Roughness (Ra) values measured using Optical profilometer indicated that quaternary deposits exhibited more roughness (0.08 μm) compared to ternary deposits. Compositional analysis carried out on ternary deposit showed the presence of Ni (37 wt.%), Co (53 wt.%) along with about 10 wt.% of P. Whereas W ( ≈ 3 wt.%) incorporation in NiCoP matrix had resulted in decrease in Co (48 wt.%) and P (7 wt.%) contents. Microhardness measurements made on as-plated both coatings exhibited almost similar hardness (about 430±20 VHN25gf

Immunosuppressive effect of medicinal plants of Kolli hills on mitogen-stimulated proliferation of the human peripheral blood mononuclear cells in vitro

Four medicinal plant species were collected from the Kolli hills of Tamil Nadu and were screened for their immunosuppressive effect. The plants were shade dried and extracted with methanol. The crude methanol extracts were tested for inhibition of lymphocyte proliferation via lymphocyte proliferation assay by 3thymidine uptake. The test plants were Justicia gendarussa   , Plumbago indica   , Aloe vera   , and Aegle marmelos   . Among the plants tested J. gendarussa (100 µg/ml) showed the highest lymphocyte inhibition (84%). Sequential extraction of J. gendarussa in various solvents (n-hexane, benzene, ethyl acetate, chloroform, acetone, ethanol, and water) confirmed that all of the above extracts at 50 µg/ml, aqueous extract inhibited lymphocyte proliferation. Further, 17 high performance liquid chromatography fractions were collected for the aqueous extract and fraction no. 15 showed maximum inhibition of lymphocyte proliferation. The present study indicates that these extracts should be investigated further for the possible presence of immunosuppressive components

Evaluation of Electroless Nickel Poly alloys for Drilling of CFRP

Today even though composites have wide range of applications in aerospace and other industries, machining of composites is still considered to be a difficult task. In this study, efforts are made to reduce drill bit wear characteristics during machining of CFRP composite. Electroless coating method is used to coat nano-crystalline ternary Ni-W-P coating on HSS drill bits of diameter 7mm, to carry out drilling operations on CFRP. The coatings are characterised by their morphology, composition, structure, phase transformation behaviour and nano-hardness. By subsequent pre-treatment steps, Ni-W-P coatings are adhered on HSS drill bits and coarse nodular structures were observed upon surface testing by using FESEM. About 14.5 weight of W, 5.41 weight of P with balance of Ni was observed in the compositional analysis of the deposit carried out by EDAX. With constant feed and speed, drilling operation carried out on CFRP plate of thickness 2.5 mm and drill bit characteristics were evaluated. HSS drill bits of type uncoated, Ni-W-P coated and heat treated were used for drilling CFRP plate. Drill bits tool wear were examined by using Tool Makers Microscope. The drilling operation is carried out to drill 100 holes on CFRP plate by all types of drill bits and the drill bits were examined at every 20 intervals of drilling. It was found that Ni-W-P coated drill bits have shown about 60 reduction (0.2mm less) in chisel edge wear, about 40 (0.1mm) lower wear on cutting edge and about 60 (0.5mm) less wear on flank surface compared to uncoated and heat treated drill bits. Based on the results obtained in this study, electroless ternary Ni-W-P coating seems to be most likely material which enhances the tool life and gives better quality machining. Selection and Peer-review under responsibility of Advanced Materials, Manufacturing, Management and Thermal Science (AMMMT 2016)

Evaluation of Electroless Nickel Poly alloys for Drilling of CFRP

Today even though composites have wide range of applications in aerospace and other industries, machining of composites is still considered to be a difficult task. In this study, efforts are made to reduce drill bit wear characteristics during machining of CFRP composite. Electroless coating method is used to coat nano-crystalline ternary Ni-W-P coating on HSS drill bits of diameter 7mm, to carry out drilling operations on CFRP. The coatings are characterised by their morphology, composition, structure, phase transformation behaviour and nano-hardness. By subsequent pre-treatment steps, Ni-W-P coatings are adhered on HSS drill bits and coarse nodular structures were observed upon surface testing by using FESEM. About 14.5 weight% of W, 5.41 weight% of P with balance of Ni was observed in the compositional analysis of the deposit carried out by EDAX. With constant feed and speed, drilling operation carried out on CFRP plate of thickness 2.5 mm and drill bit characteristics were evaluated. HSS drill bits of type uncoated, Ni-W-P coated and heat treated were used for drilling CFRP plate. Drill bits tool wear were examined by using Tool Makers Microscope. The drilling operation is carried out to drill 100 holes on CFRP plate by all types of drill bits and the drill bits were examined at every 20 intervals of drilling. It was found that Ni-W-P coated drill bits have shown about 60% reduction (0.2mm less) in chisel edge wear, about 40% (0.1mm) lower wear on cutting edge and about 60% (0.5mm) less wear on flank surface compared to uncoated and heat treated drill bits. Based on the results obtained in this study, electroless ternary Ni-W-P coating seems to be most likely material which enhances the tool life and gives better quality machining