IN VITRO ANTI-INFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY OF 4-BENZYLPIPERIDINE

ABSTRACTObjective: To study the in vitro anti-inflammatory activity of 4-benzylpiperidine.Methods: This study was conducted to evaluate the in vitro anti-inflammatory activity of 4-benzylpiperidine using in vitro models such as inhibitionof albumin denaturation and proteinase inhibitory activity.Results: This study revealed the dose-dependent inhibition of protein denaturation and proteinase inhibitory activity by 4-benzylpiperidine.Conclusion: In the present study, results indicate that the 4-benzylpiperidine possess anti-inflammatory properties. The drug inhibited the heatinduced albumin denaturation and proteinase inhibitory activity. It shows dose-dependent significant activity when compared with a standard drug.Hence, this study gives an idea that the 4-benzylpiperidine can be used as a lead compound for designing a potent anti-inflammatory drug which canbe used to cure inflammation.Keywords: Anti-inflammatory activity, 4-Benzylpiperidine, Protein denaturation, Proteinase inhibitory activity

Characterization, hemolysis and multidrug resistance among Aeromonas spp. isolated from Bhavani river, Erode, South India

A total of 87 strains of Aeromonas spp. were identified biochemically. The strains were isolated from 50 samples of water from Bhavani river Erode, Tamil Nadu, India. In the present study among 87 Aeromonas spp. the prevalence strain was identified as A.hydrophila (60.9%), while the other strains belonged to the species A. sobria (20.7%), A. caviae (11.5%) and A.salmonicida (6.9%). The virulence factors like hemolysin, lipase, and serine protease were present in 96%, 93% and 94% of the strains respectively. Antibiotic susceptibility of Aeromonas spp. was determined by disc diffusion method. All Aeromonas spp. were examined for resistance against 16 antibiotics. All strains showed 100% of resistance to Ampicillin,Carbenicillin and Cephalothin. The highest resistances encountered were 91.9% to streptomycin,90.8% to polymyxin-B, 85% to rifampicin while the rest were under 50%.In contrast all the strains were sensitive to cefotaxime.The present work highlights the important incidence of Aeromonas spp., with virulence potential and antimicrobial resistance, isolated from river bhavani

Effects of biofertilizer containing N-fixer, P and K solubilizers and AM fungi on maize growth: A greenhouse trial.

An in vitro study was undertaken to evaluate the compatibility of indigenous plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) with commonly used inorganic and organic sources of fertilizers in tea plantations. The nitrogenous, phosphatic and potash fertilizers used for this study were urea, rock phosphate and muriate of potash, respectively. The organic sources of fertilizers neem cake, composted coir pith and vermicompost were also used. PGPRs such as nitrogen fixer; Azospirillum lipoferum, Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria (PSB); Pseudomonas putida, Potassium Solubilizing Bacteria (KSB); Burkholderia cepacia and Pseudomonas putida were used for compatibility study. Results were indicated that PGPRs preferred the coir pith and they proved their higher colony establishment in the formulation except Azospirillum spp. that preferred vermicompost for their establishment. The optimum dose of neem cake powder

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Not AvailableIn the present study, P1 gene of Sugarcane streak mosaic virus (SCSMV) has been proved to govern the RNA silencing suppressor activity. Agrobacterium-mediated transient expression assay with Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) has confirmed the RSS activity of P1 gene in the model plant Nicotiana tabaccum. The qRT-PCR analysis also confirmed the RSS activity of P1 gene of SCSMV infecting sugarcane. Further, the presence of conserved motif “WG” in the P1 protein across the 10 Indian isolates of SCSMV reiterates its role as RNA silencing suppressor of the Poacevirus. Although the Helper Component-Proteinase gene (HC-Pro) has been reported to govern the RSS activity in most of the viruses of the family Potyviridae, it does not show any such activity in the SCSCMV infecting sugarcane. The absence of “WG” motif across the 16 Indian isolates of SCSMV and low level of GFP expression in the Agrobacterium-mediated transient expression assay have clearly demonstrated lack of RSS activity in the HC-Pro gene of SCSMV. Thus, mosaic-resistant cultivars can be developed by targeting the P1 gene of SCSMV through RNAi approach.Not Availabl

EXPANSION OF α-OPEN SETS AND DECOMPOSITION OF α-CONTINUOUS MAPPINGS

We introduce the notions of expansion �α of α-open sets and �α-expansion α-continuous mappings in topological spaces. The main result of this paper is that a map f is α-continuous if and only if it is �α-expansion α-continuous and �α-expansion α-continuous, where �α, �α are two mutually dual expansions. 1

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DBT grant number BTPR4978-AGR-36712-2012Sugarcane mosaic disease is a major threat to sugarcane cultivation worldwide. Under Indian conditions, mosaic disease is caused by Sugarcane streak mosaic virus (SCSMV) and Sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV) either alone or together. A ‘‘0–6’’ scale mosaic severity grading system has been developed after analysing the phenotypic expression of mosaic symptoms in * 210 genotypes comprising of cultivated species (Saccharum officinarum, S. sinense and S. barberi), wild species (S. spontaneum and S. robustum) and hybrid-varieties at two diverse environments over a period of three years. They were also screened for the presence of SCSMV and SCMV by RTPCR assays. Out of the 210 genotypes, only 7 were free of mosaic viruses, indicating the rare possibility of getting resistant genotypes among the world collection of sugarcane germplasm. It also clearly indicates that the mosaic disease is widespread in occurrence and nearly 97% of the varieties/genotypes were infected with mosaic viruses. Overall, the presence of SCSMV, SCMV and both the viruses were recorded in 77 (87.5%), 51 (58%) and 46 (52%) of the 88 species-clones indexed through RT-PCR assays. The hybrid-varieties with mosaic grade of 6 often had mixed infections of both the mosaic viruses, resulting in severe symptom expression and degeneration. The 0–6 scale mosaic phenotyping developed in this study will be useful to screen the world sugarcane germplasm collections against the mosaic disease. The study identified three S. robustum genotypes as resistant to mosaic, indicating the possibility of identifying resistant sources and these may serve as donors for mosaic resistanceDepartment of Biotechnology, New Delh

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Not AvailableSugarcane mosaic disease is a major threat to sugarcane cultivation worldwide. Under Indian conditions, mosaic disease is caused by Sugarcane streak mosaic virus (SCSMV) and Sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV) either alone or together. A “0-6” scale mosaic severity grading system has been developed after analysing the phenotypic expression of mosaic symptoms in ~210 genotypes comprising of cultivated species (Saccharum officinarum, S. sinense and S. barberi), wild species (S. spontaneum and S. robustum) and hybrid-varieties at two diverse environments over a period of three years. They were also screened for the presence of SCSMV and SCMV by RT-PCR assays. Out of the 210 genotypes, only 7 were free of mosaic viruses, indicating the rare possibility of getting resistant genotypes among the world collection of sugarcane germplasm. It also clearly indicates that the mosaic disease is widespread in occurrence and nearly 97% of the varieties/genotypes were infected with mosaic viruses. Overall, the presence of SCSMV, SCMV and both the viruses were recorded in 77 (87.5%), 51 (58%) and 46 (52%) of the 88 species-clones indexed through RT-PCR assays. The hybrid-varieties with mosaic grade of 6 often had mixed infections of both the mosaic viruses, resulting in severe symptom expression and degeneration. The 0-6 scale mosaic phenotyping developed in this study will be useful to screen the world sugarcane germplasm collections against the mosaic disease. The study identified three S. robustum genotypes as resistant to mosaic, indicating the possibility of identifying resistant sources and these may serve as donors for mosaic resistanceNot Availabl

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Not AvailableThe viruses Sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV) and Sugarcane streak mosaic virus (SCSMV) causing mosaic disease and Sugarcane yellow leaf virus (SCYLV) causing yellow leaf disease (YLD) are synergistically associated with varietal degeneration of sugarcane in India. The objectives of the study were to understand the degree of degeneration in the sugarcane cultivar CoJ 64 due to the mixed infection of the three viruses. The study was also aimed to quantify the threshold limit of viruses for the plant to express the symptoms. Symptomatic plants exhibited significant reductions in germination and growth as compared to the asymptomatic plants and maintained poor vigour. Such plants recorded significant reductions in different physiological parameters such as photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, chlorophyll fluorescence ratio and leaf chlorophyll content. At the time of harvest a drastic reduction in the juice yield by 30.13 - 36.04% was found. Diagnosis by qRT-PCR revealed that both asymptomatic and the symptomatic plants showed mixed infections of all the three viruses. The copy numbers in the asymptomatic plants were detected between 102 and 103 for all the three viruses whereas, the copy numbers in the symptomatic plants were in the range of 104 and 106 for all the three viruses. The present study established a threshold limit of three RNA viruses causing varietal degeneration in sugarcane and this information will be used while selecting new varieties to avoid varietal degeneration under field conditionsNot Availabl

Application of semi-nested polymerase chain reaction targeting internal transcribed spacer region for rapid detection of panfungal genome directly from ocular specimens

<b>Background:</b> The incidence of fungal endophthalmitis has dramatically increased in recent years and rapid detection of fungi using nucleic acid-based amplification techniques is helpful in management. <b> Aim:</b> To evaluate semi-nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region for detection of panfungal genome in ocular specimens. <b> Statistical analysis used:</b> Z test for two proportion. <b> Materials and Methods: </b> Standardization of PCR targeting ITS primers was carried out by determining analytical sensitivity and specificity. The sensitivity and specificity of PCR was determined by serial tenfold dilutions of <i> C. albicans</i> (ATCC 24433) DNA and DNA extracts of laboratory isolates of <i> Aspergillus fumigatus</i> , <i> Fusarium lichenicola</i> (4), other fungal and closely related bacterial strains and also human DNA. Semi-nested PCR was applied onto a total of 168 ocular specimens with clinically suspected fungal etiology during 2003-2005. <b> Results and Conclusions:</b> PCR was specific and sensitive to detect 1fg of fungal DNA with ITS primers. PCR detected fungal genome in 90 (53.57&#x0025;) in comparison with the conventional technique, positive in 34 (20.23&#x0025;) by smear examination and in 42 (25&#x0025;) by culture. The increase in clinical sensitivity by 28.57&#x0025; using PCR was found to be statistically significant {<i> P</i> &lt; 0.001 using Z test for two proportion}. The accuracy of the test was found to be 70.85&#x0025;. PCR proved to be a rapid diagnostic technique for detection of panfungal genome directly from clinical specimen