15 research outputs found

    Efficiency of coagulation sludge dewatering on a filter press

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    The investigated sludges were produced during alum coagulation and filter backwash. Samples were collected in two Upper-Silesian water treatment plants - the Waterworks of Strumien and the Waterworks of B臋dzin. The sludge samples were dewatered using a model filter press which made use of rubber membranes to remove residual water. The sludges coming from the two water treatment plants differed in volatile solids content, which ranged from 14 to 20% dry wt. and from 40 to 60% dry wt. for Strumien Waterworks and B臋dzin Waterworks, respectively. The highest efficiency ofdewatering was obtained by squeezing (with the use of membranes) in the final stage of the press operation cycle. The filtration cakes had a homogeneous structure. The efficiency of thickening and dewatering depended on the composition of the sludge. Thus, the samples collected at the Strumien Waterworks displayed a high mineral matter content. After thickening, water content amounted to 94% to approach 35% afterdewatering on the filter press. The sludge samples coming from the B臋dzin Waterworks were characterized by a high volatile solids content and a water content of 98% and approximately 60% after thickening and dewatering, respectively. The dewatering process was successfully aided by cation or onion poly electrolytes. The application of lime upgraded the quality of the filtrate from the dewatering process

    Application of the Lamella-Johnson separator to the treatment of highy polluted backwashing waters

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    Investigated was the clarification of backwashing water with a simultaneous thickening of the sludge which forms during water treatment in a Lamella-Johnson separator equipped with a sludge tank and a sludge scraper. The efficiency of both the clarification and thickening processes was found to be high. The quality of the effluents from the backwash of the dual bed filters (operated in the direct filtration mode at the Waterworks of Koz艂owa G贸ra) was described. The Lamella-Johnson separator under test was a pilot-plant model with a capacity of 3 m[3]/h. The advantages of using a multiplate settling tank were substantiated, and the optimal water flow velocity was determined. Consideration was also given to the rate of sludge thickening in the tank equipped with a scraper. The contribution of flu coagulants and polyelectrolytes to the efficiency of water clarification and sludge thickening was examined, and the optimum doses of relevant reagents were established. The results obtained with the Lamella-Johnson separator model were compared td those achieved with a classical settling tank. Thus, the quality of the clarified water was sufficiently high to make it fit for recirculation. The sludge thickened in the Lamella-Johnson separator had a high solids (40 g/dm[3], on average) and volatile suspended solids (55%) content and could be dewatered mechanically

    Development of the technology of the water purification with applying the powdered activated carbon in Poland

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    The effects of applying powdered activated carbon in a few big water treatment plants in Poland were described in the paper. The results obtained in the course of technological examinations made in the pilot and technical scale were shown. Technical aspects of this process were also described. Attention was paid to the possibility of the dosage of the activated carbon to water directed to rapid filters. Implementation of the technical and technological solutions which provided the optimal use of the activated carbon were discussed.W pracy om贸wiono efekty stosowania pylistego w臋gla aktywnego w kilku du偶ych stacjach uzdatniania wody w Polsce. Pokazano wyniki uzyskiwane w trakcie bada艅 technologicznych wykonywanych w skali pilotowej i technicznej. Przedstawiono r贸wnie偶 aspekty techniczne tego procesu. Zwr贸cono uwag臋 na mo偶liwo艣膰 dawkowania w臋gla aktywnego do wody kierowanej na filtry po艣pieszne. Wprowadzano rozwi膮zania techniczne i technologiczne, kt贸re zapewni艂y optymalne wykorzystanie w臋gla aktywnego

    Dyfuzyjno艣膰, kr臋tno艣膰 i t艂umienie fal w materia艂ach porowatych

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    The paper contains a consistent presentation of the construction of a linear poroelastic model and its applications in the theory of acoustic waves. The main purpose of this presentation is the discussion of material parameters describing the diffusion. This concerns particularly the permeability and tortuosity. In Section 2 we mention a few examples of porous systems in which diffusion processes play an important role. Section 3 contains a concise description of the two-component model describing saturated porous materials with diffusion. We point out the main features of such a system with the special emphasis of relative motion of components and changes of porosity. As a special case the governing equations of Biot's model are presented. In Section 4 we discuss the notions of permeability, hydraulic conductivity and tortuosity. In particular the notion of the tortuosity tensor is introduced. Section 5 is the primer of the nuclear magnetic resonance method of experimental determination of permeability and tortuosity in various porous materials. Finally, Section 6 contains some issues concerning the propagation of monochromatic waves and, in particular, an influence of tortuosity on speeds and attenuation.Praca zawiera zwi臋z艂膮 prezentacj臋 konstrukcji liniowego modelu porosp臋偶ystego i jego zastosowania w teorii fal akustycznych. G艂贸wnym celem tej prezentacji jest dyskusja parametr贸w materia艂owych opisuj膮cych dyfuzj臋. Dotyczy to w szczeg贸lno艣ci dyfuzyjno艣ci i kr臋tno艣ci. W rozdziale 2 przytaczamy kilka przyk艂ad贸w o艣rodk贸w porowatych, w kt贸rych dyfuzja odgrywa wa偶n膮 rol臋. Rozdzia艂 3 zawiera zwi臋z艂y opis modelu dwusk艂adnikowego dla nasyconych o艣rodk贸w porowatych z dyfuzj膮. Uwypuklamy g艂贸wne cechy takiego uk艂adu ze szczeg贸lnym uwzgl臋dnieniem ruchu wzgl臋dnego sk艂adnik贸w i zmian porowato艣ci. Jako przypadek szczeg贸lny przedstwiane s膮 r贸wnania modelu Biota. W rozdziale 4 dyskutujemy poj臋cia dyfuzyjno艣ci, przewodnictwa hydraulicznego i kr臋tno艣ci. W szczeg贸lno艣ci wprowadzamy poj臋cie tensora kr臋tno艣ci. Rozdzia艂 5 zawiera elementarne wiadomo艣ci dotycz膮ce metody nuklearnego rezonansu magnetycznego w zastosowaniu do eksperyment贸w okre艣laj膮cych dyfuzyjno艣膰 i kr臋tno艣膰 w r贸偶nych materia艂ach porowatych. Wreszcie rozdzia艂 6 zawiera pewne zagadnienia zwi膮zane z propagacj膮 fal monochromatycznych, a w szczeg贸lno艣ci wp艂ywu kr臋tno艣ci na pr臋dko艣ci propagacji i t艂umienie

    A New Method for Organic Matter Removal from Groundwater via Powdered Active Carbon

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    W pracy przedstawiono now膮 metod臋 oczyszczania w贸d podziemnych z zastosowaniem pylistego w臋gla aktywnego. W proponowanym uk艂adzie oczyszczania proces adsorpcji przebiega g艂贸wnie w dwuwarstwowym z艂o偶u filtracyjnym, gdzie gromadzi si臋 wprowadzony do wody pylisty w臋giel aktywny. Metoda ta jest szczeg贸lnie przydatna do usuwania substancji organicznych z w贸d podziemnych, jako alternatywa dla procesu koagulacji. W pracy zaprezentowano wyniki bada艅 pilotowych zrealizowanych na dw贸ch stacjach uzdatniania wody zaopatruj膮cych Pozna艅 w wod臋 ("Mosina" i "Wi艣niowa"). Przedstawiono skuteczno艣膰 usuwania z wody zwi膮zk贸w organicznych na kilku typach dost臋pnych na rynku pylistych w臋glach aktywnych. Pokazano r贸wnie偶 zmiany skuteczno艣ci oczyszczania wody w trakcie trwania cyklu filtracyjnego. Wykazano, 偶e zastosowanie pylistego w臋gla aktywnego nie pogorszy艂o skuteczno艣ci usuwania z wody zwi膮zk贸w 偶elaza, manganu, a tak偶e azotu amonowego.A new method of water treatment using powdered active carbon is proposed. In this method, the adsorption process runs predominantly in a double-layered filter bed, where the active carbon added to the water accumulates. The method applies primarily to the removal of organic matter from groundwater and is an alternative to the coagulation process. The paper presents the results of pilot plant investigations performed at two plants (Mosina and Wi艣niowa), which are part of the water supply system for the city of Pozna艅. The extent of organic matter removal from water using commercial powdered active carbons is analyzed. The paper also shows how the efficiency of water treatment changed in the course of the filtration cycle. The use of powdered active carbon did not reduce the extent of iron, manganese and ammonia nitrogen removal

    Organic matter removal from surface water by coagulation and sorption onto powdered active carbon

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    W pracy przedstawiono wyniki bada艅 pilotowych obejmuj膮cych usuwanie substancji organicznych z wody ujmowanej z jeziora Miedwie. W trakcie bada艅 przetestowano kilka rodzaj贸w koagulant贸w glinowych (PAX) oraz kilkana艣cie typ贸w pylistych w臋gli aktywnych o du偶ych zdolno艣ciach sorpcyjnych. Wyniki bada艅 wykaza艂y, 偶e najlepsz膮 skuteczno艣膰 oczyszczania wody uzyskano rozdzielaj膮c procesy koagulacji i adsorpcji na w臋glu aktywnym. Ustalono, 偶e pylisty w臋giel aktywny powinien by膰 dawkowany do wody po osadniku, a przed filtrem antracytowo-piaskowym. Opracowano nowe parametry eksploatacyjne filtr贸w pracuj膮cych w warunkach dawkowania pylistego w臋gla aktywnego. W celu unikni臋cia szybkiego przebicia z艂o偶a filtr贸w zawiesinami w臋gla aktywnego dawkowanego do wody zastosowano tryb pracy filtr贸w polegaj膮cy na wst臋pnym "uszczelnieniu" z艂o偶a zawiesinami pokoagulacyjnymi przez oko艂o 20 h po p艂ukaniu, a nast臋pnie na dawkowaniu w臋gla aktywnego. W wyniku optymalizacji dawek reagent贸w w procesach koagulacji i sorpcji uzyskano wymagana skuteczno艣膰 usuwania z wody substancji organicznych z wody. Badania wykaza艂y, 偶e skuteczne usuwanie substancji organicznych z wody powierzchniowej poprzez g艂臋bok膮 koagulacj臋 i zastosowanie pylistego w臋gla aktywnego mo偶e by膰 osi膮gane przy stosunkowo niskich nak艂adach na reagenty stosowane w tych procesach.Pilot plant studies were conducted into organic matter removal from the water taken in from Lake Miedwie. In the course of the studies several types of aluminum coagulants (PAX) and different kinds of powdered active carbons of high adsorptive capacity were tested. The results obtained have demonstrated that the highest removal efficiencies are obtained when the processes of coagulation and active carbon adsorption are performed separately. Another finding produced by the study is that the water should be dosed with powdered active carbon after passage through the settling tank and before being sent to the anthracite-sand filter. New operating parameters were determined for filter cycles involving dosage of powdered active carbon. In order to avoid a breakthrough of the filter bed by the active carbon suspensions being added to the water, use was made of filter cycles which involved an approx. 20-hour 'preliminary packing' of the filter bed with solids from the coagulation process after backwash, followed by treating the water with appropriate powdered active carbon doses. Upon optimization of the reagent doses for the coagulation and adsorption processes, the required efficiency of organic matter removal from the lake water was attained. The study has shown that an efficient organic matter removal from surface water by deep coagulation and powdered active carbon adsorption can be achieved at a relatively low cost of the reagents used in the two processes

    Modernizing the treatment train for a mountain river taken in for municipal supply: The waterworks of Wadowice

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    Na przyk艂adzie wodoci膮gu w Wadowicach przedstawiono przyk艂ad tradycyjnego uk艂adu oczyszczania wody ujmowanej z rzeki g贸rskiej (Skawa). Wykazano, 偶e takie rozwi膮zania technologiczne i techniczne nie spe艂niaj膮 obecnie obowi膮zuj膮cych standard贸w w zakresie jako艣ci wody przeznaczonej do spo偶ycia. Przedstawiono wyniki bada艅 laboratoryjnych i pilotowych zmierzaj膮cych do usprawnienia procesu oczyszczania wody w wodoci膮gu Wadowice, obejmuj膮cych dob贸r reagent贸w do koagulacji (koagulanty, polielektrolity) wspomaganej pylistym w臋glem aktywnym. Wyniki prac badawczych por贸wnywano ze skuteczno艣ci膮 oczyszczania wody w skali technicznej (uzyskiwan膮 w tym samym czasie). Na tej podstawie ustalono najkorzystniejsze rozwi膮zanie technologiczne procesu oczyszczania wody polegaj膮ce na koagulacji obj臋to艣ciowej z u偶yciem nowoczesnych koagulant贸w, wspomaganej polielektrolitem oraz pylistym w臋glem aktywnym. Usprawnione zostan膮 wirowe komory flokulacji, a osadnik b臋dzie wyposa偶ony w zgarniacz osadu. Ponadto wybudowane b臋d膮 filtry o du偶ej sprawno艣ci klarowania wody z mo偶liwo艣ci膮 prowadzenia drugiego stopnia koagulacji w z艂o偶ach filtracyjnych.A traditional system for the treatment of mountain river water (taken in from the Skawa) is described, the case in point being the Waterworks of Wadowice. As was to be expected, the technological and technical condition of the treatment plant failed to allow for the production of tap water that would meet the quality standards required. Laboratory- and pilot-scale investigations were carried out to enhance the efficiency of the treatment process at the Wadowice Waterworks by an appropriate choice of reagents for the coagulation-adsorption process (coagulants, polyelectrolytes; powdered active carbon). The treatment efficiencies obtained were compared with the efficiencies achieved in the full-scale process over the same period. The results of the studies have revealed that coagulation with advanced coagulants, polyelectrolyte aid and adsorption on powdered active carbon is the most advantageous technological solution to the water treatment process. The efficiency of the flocculation chambers will be increased, and a sludge scraper will be installed in the settling tank. Filters of high clarifying efficiency will be constructed, thus enabling the second stage of the coagulation process to be performed in the filter beds
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