Granular computing, rough entropy and object extraction

The problem of image object extraction in the framework of rough sets and granular computing is addressed. A measure called "rough entropy of image" is defined based on the concept of image granules. Its maximization results in minimization of roughness in both object and background regions; thereby determining the threshold of partitioning. Methods of selecting the appropriate granule size and efficient computation of rough entropy are described

Effects of quarks on the formation and evolution of Z(3) walls and strings in relativistic heavy-ion collisions

We investigate the effects of explicit breaking of Z(3) symmetry due to the presence of dynamical quarks on the formation and evolution of Z(3) walls and associated QGP strings within Polyakov loop model. We carry out numerical simulations of the first order quark-hadron phase transition via bubble nucleation (which may be appropriate, for example, at finite baryon chemical potential) in the context of relativistic heavy-ion collision experiments. Using appropriate shifting of the order parameter in the Polyakov loop effective potential, we calculate the bubble profiles using bounce technique, for the true vacuum as well as for the metastable Z(3) vacua, and estimate the associated nucleation probabilities. These different bubbles are then nucleated and evolved and resulting formation and dynamics of Z(3) walls and QGP strings is studied. We discuss various implications of the existence of these Z(3) interfaces and the QGP strings, especially in view of the effects of the explicit breaking of the Z(3) symmetry on the formation and dynamical evolution of these objects.Comment: 17 pages, 9 figures, PDFLate

“EVALUATION OF GALPHIMIA GLAUCA STEM METHANOL EXTRACT FRACTIONS FOR ANALGESIC AND ANTI-INFLAMMATORY ACTIVITIES”

Objective: This current investigation assesses in vivo central and peripheral analgesic effects and anti-inflammatory properties of fractions obtained from Galphimia glauca (GG) stem methanol extract. Methods: The laboratory models such as Swiss albino mice and Wistar albino rats were employed in the studies. The GG stem methanol extract was subjected to fractionation with solvents such as hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and methanol. Orally, the dose range of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg was given for 1 day for evaluating analgesic (hotplate test, tail clip test, writhing test, and formalin test) and weekdays for assessing anti-inflammatory activity (carrageenan and cotton pellet test methods), respectively. The experimental studies were further conducted for determining the involvement of central and peripheral receptor actions in the analgesic activity of the extract by prechallenging it with naloxone and acetic acid, respectively. The in vivo anti-inflammatory studies were conducted using carrageenan-induced rat paw edema model and cotton pellet granuloma test. Results: The LD50 of the extract was found to be >2000 mg/kg b.w. The methanol fraction of 400 mg/kg dose exhibited significant (p≤0.001) and dose-dependent analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity. It also exhibited central and peripheral analgesic actions when treated with naloxone and acetic acid, respectively. Conclusion: The results revealed that the stem methanol fraction has more potential in terms of analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties

Storage studies of chilli (Capsicum annuum L) cultivars on germination and vigour index

The experiment was conducted at the Chillies Improvement Project, Regional AgriculturalResearch Station, Lam, Guntur and in the Priyanka Cold Store, Chilakaluripet Road, Gunturduring the year 2001-2002.  The fresh ripe chilli cultivars viz: LCA 334, LCA 357, LCA 206,LCA 235, Paprika type, Guntur Grand and Wonder Hot  were collected and Sun dried bothmoisture lend of  10-11 per cent. Then the dried chilli was packed in gunny bags in two sets.One set was kept in cold store and the other set at ambient condition. Samples were drawnat monthly intervals and subjected to seed germination and seedling vigour index.  Theseeds of cultivars LCA 235, LCA 206, LCA 334 and LCA 357 recorded higher germinationpercentage and vigour index at different intervals of storage. The chilli stored in cold storeproved superior to ambient storage even for good quality seed. &nbsp

Study of drying methods and chemical treatments on quality aspects of chilli cv.LCA 334

The experiment to using chilli Cv. LCA 334 was conducted at Regional Agricultural ResearchStation. Lam, Guntur during the year 2003-2004. The results revealed significant differencesamong different drying methods and chemical treatments and their interactions on qualityconstituents of chilli viz; oleoresin, capsanthin and capsaicin.  Among the drying methods ,Tobacco barn drying gave the highest oleoresin content of 10.5% and was found superior tothe other methods of drying viz; ground, tarpaulin and mechanical drying. However, thechemicals viz; BHA (Butylated Hydroxy Anisole), potassium carbonate and dipsol used fordrying did not exert significant influence on oleoresin content. Among the interactions,chilli treated with dipsol and dried in tobacco barn  recorded the highest oleoresin content of10.7% followed by chilli treated with  BHA and dried in tobacco barn (10.5%). With regard tocapsanthin content, the chilli dried in mechanical drier recorded the highest value (14503EOA colour value) followed by tobacco barn drying (13893 EOA colour value) and werefound superior to chilli dried on ground  / tarpaulin. Among the chemical treatments, chillitreated with dipsol recorded the highest capsanthin content (13923 EOA colour value) andfound significantly superior to all the other treatments tried.. With regard to the capsaicincontent, chilli dried in tobacco barn recorded the highest capsaicin content (0.502%), closelyfollowed by chilli dried on ground (0.498%) and were found on par with each other andsignificantly superior to tarpaulin and mechanical drying.. Among the chemicals, BHAsignificantly increased the capsaicin content (0.508%) and found superior to  check (0.468%)and  also the other chemicals tried. Among the interactions, chilli treated with BHA anddried in tobacco barn recorded the highest capsaicin content (0.576%) and found significantlysuperior to all other interactions. &nbsp

Predictive Analysis of Tuberculosis Treatment Outcomes Using Machine Learning: A Karnataka TB Data Study at a Scale

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a global health threat, ranking among the leading causes of mortality worldwide. In this context, machine learning (ML) has emerged as a transformative force, providing innovative solutions to the complexities associated with TB treatment.This study explores how machine learning, especially with tabular data, can be used to predict Tuberculosis (TB) treatment outcomes more accurately. It transforms this prediction task into a binary classification problem, generating risk scores from patient data sourced from NIKSHAY, India's national TB control program, which includes over 500,000 patient records. Data preprocessing is a critical component of the study, and the model achieved an recall of 98% and an AUC-ROC score of 0.95 on the validation set, which includes 20,000 patient records.We also explore the use of Natural Language Processing (NLP) for improved model learning. Our results, corroborated by various metrics and ablation studies, validate the effectiveness of our approach. The study concludes by discussing the potential ramifications of our research on TB eradication efforts and proposing potential avenues for future work. This study marks a significant stride in the battle against TB, showcasing the potential of machine learning in healthcare