The morphology of Stauropteris burntislandica P. Bertrand and its Megasporangium Bensonites fusiformis R. Scott

The Lower Carboniferous Stauropteris burntislandica is described here in detail. The frond of the plant consists of a repeatedly dichotomizing branch system which is traced up to the ultimate tips. The structure of the node and degree of branching in various orders of branches is described. A reconstruction of a part of the frond is made which suggests that the frond may have been supported on an underground stem. Bensonites has now been shown to be the megasporangium of Stauropteris burntislandica which normally carries two well-developed megaspores, a condition which is unknown elsewhere in the plant kingdom. The sporangium containing small spores which was already known now becomes the microsporangium of the plant. It is suggested that heterospory may be found in other species of Stauropteris also. A comparison is then made with the Zygopterideae and the Psilophytales. Finally, the systematic position of Stauropteris is discussed in the light of new evidence

Synthesis and characterization of 1-amino-4-methylthio-2-nitro-1,3-butadienes

Treatment of 3-nitrothiophene with prim. and sec. amines, followed by S-methylation leads to (Z,Z)-1- amino-4-methylthio-2-nitro-1,3-butadienes (3). Oxidation of these with LTA yields a mixture of the 2-methylthio-4-nitropyrroles (6) and the acetoxylated butadienes (8)

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Not AvailableYield, raisin recovery and biochemical status of fresh grapes (Vitis vinifera L.) and raisins obtained from eight years old Thompson Seedless vines grafted on different rootstocks were studied. Higher yield (16.35 kg/vine) and raisin recovery (29.90%) was recorded in 110R rootstock and lowest in 1613-C rootstock (6.35 kg/vine). A higher total soluble solid of 21.530Brix was recorded in 1613-C rootstock grafted vines. The fresh grapes of own rooted vines had higher protein (7.84 mg/g), total phenols (0.88 mg/g) and reducing sugars (2.26 mg/g) whereas higher amount of carbohydrate (82.25 mg/g) was recorded in 110-R and starch (3.44 mg/g) in 99-R rootstock grafted vines. The raisins of 99-R rootstock grafted vines had higher starch (15.30 mg/g) and reducing sugar (6.80 mg/g), whereas higher protein in raisin was recorded in SO4 (28.50 mg/g), total phenols in 1613-C (3.18 mg/g) and carbohydrate in 110-R grafted vines (285.36 mg/g). The rootstocks, 1103P was also equally good in raisin recovery (29.36 %), yield (13.17 kg/vine) and carbohydrate accumulation (291.14 mg/g). Biochemical analysis of fresh grapes and dried grapes showed that the major biochemical constituent, viz. carbohydrate, reducing sugar, protein and phenolics concentrated in the raisin making process.Not Availabl