Asymptotics of work distributions in a stochastically driven system

We determine the asymptotic forms of work distributions at arbitrary times $T$, in a class of driven stochastic systems using a theory developed by Engel and Nickelsen (EN theory) (arXiv:1102.4505v1 [cond-mat.stat-mech]), which is based on the contraction principle of large deviation theory. In this paper, we extend the theory, previously applied in the context of deterministically driven systems, to a model in which the driving is stochastic. The models we study are described by overdamped Langevin equations and the work distributions in the path integral form, are characterised by having quadratic actions. We first illustrate EN theory, for a deterministically driven system - the breathing parabola model, and show that within its framework, the Crooks flucutation theorem manifests itself as a reflection symmetry property of a certain characteristic polynomial function. We then extend our analysis to a stochastically driven system, studied in ( arXiv:1212.0704v2 [cond-mat.stat-mech], arXiv:1402.5777v1 [cond-mat.stat-mech]) using a moment-generating-function method, for both equilibrium and non - equilibrium steady state initial distributions. In both cases we obtain new analytic solutions for the asymptotic forms of (dissipated) work distributions at arbitrary $T$. For dissipated work in the steady state, we compare the large $T$ asymptotic behaviour of our solution to that already obtained in ( arXiv:1402.5777v1 [cond-mat.stat-mech]). In all cases, special emphasis is placed on the computation of the pre-exponential factor and the results show excellent agreement with the numerical simulations. Our solutions are exact in the low noise limit.Comment: 26 pages, 8 figures. Changes from version 1: Several typos and equations corrected, references added, pictures modified. Version to appear in EPJ

CDM Implementation in Domestic Energy Sector : Indian Scenario

Since the Kyoto protocol agreement, Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) has garnered large emphasis in terms of certified emission reductions (CER) not only amidst the global carbon market but also in India. This paper attempts to assess the impact of CDM towards sustainable development particularly in rural domestic cooking sector. A detailed survey was undertaken in the state of Kerala, in southern part of India to evaluate the rural domestic energy consumption pattern. The data collected was analyzed through standard statistical software yielding insight into the interrelationships of the various parameters that influence domestic cooking energy consumption. The analysis facilitates assessing feasibility of CDM projects in the sector and related prospects pertaining to the Indian scenario.

Physeal bar resection in growth arrest in post-traumatic genu valgum

Trauma in young patients often lead to physis injury and ground arrest which can eventually result into deformity. It may result in both limb length discrepency and angular deformity. The extent of growth arrest depends on type of injury and treatment received. Here in this case report, post traumatic injury resulted in growth arrest due to physeal bar formation and subsequent genu valgum, In this case we opted for physeal bar resection with partial physis fusion i. e.; hemiepiphysiodesis. The resultant correction was good and acceptable and hault in growth process was procured. Premature growth arrest is characterized by an unexpected discontinuation of longitudinal and/or appositional bone growth secondary to an insult to the growth plate prior to skeletal maturity. Growth arrest is frequently posttraumatic; however, other aetiologies include congenital conditions (e.g. Blount’s disease), infection, neoplasm, irradiation, metabolic/hematologic abnormalities, ischemia, disuse, and iatrogenic injury. Which ultimately results in limb length discrepency (LLD) and if present peripherally, angular deformity as well. In our case we found physical injury from central to peripheral resulting in both LLD and angular deformity. Hence we did growth modulation by resecting central to peripheral physeal bar, to maintain physeal gap fat was been used as inter-positional graft which found to be adequate and stable. Near functional correction was achieved post resection and hemiepiphysiodesis after 1 year follow up.

A Study on Health Care in Internet of Things

Healthcare becomes one of major economic and social problems around the world, especially in aging people, where it costs tremendous health expanses and resources. The advancement of technology and consistent improvement in machine to machine technologies lead to the era of internet of things (IoT). The new trends in health care are gradually progressing with the help of IoT which may make us more health conscious. This paper reviews the concepts, applications and various existing technologies for health care. We have enumerated the difference between those techniques and brief explanation of scope of IoT in personalized health care

Unraveling the role of interactions in non-equilibrium transformations

For arbitrary non-equilibrium transformations in complex systems, we show that the distance between the current state and a target state can be decomposed into two terms: one corresponding to an \textit{independent} estimate of the distance, and another corresponding to interactions, quantified using the relative mutual information between the variables. This decomposition is a special case of a more general decomposition involving successive orders of correlation or interactions among the system's degrees of freedom. To illustrate its practical significance, we study the thermalization of two optically trapped colloidal particles with hydrodynamic coupling. Our results show that, increasing pairwise interaction strength enhances the separation between the time-dependent non-equilibrium state and the final state, prolonging the non-equilibrium state's longevity. In more general setups, where it is possible to control the strength of different orders of interactions, our findings offer a way to disentangle their effects on the transformation process.Comment: 7 pages, 3 figure

Inferring entropy production in anharmonic Brownian gyrators

A non-vanishing entropy production rate is one of the defining characteristics of any non-equilibrium system, and several techniques exist to determine this quantity directly from experimental data. The short-time inference scheme, derived from the thermodynamic uncertainty relation, is a recent addition to the list of these techniques. Here we apply this scheme to quantify the entropy production rate in a class of microscopic heat engine models called Brownian gyrators. In particular, we consider models with anharmonic confining potentials. In these cases, the dynamical equations are indelibly non-linear, and the exact dependences of the entropy production rate on the model parameters are unknown. Our results demonstrate that the short-time inference scheme can efficiently determine these dependencies from a moderate amount of trajectory data. Furthermore, the results show that the non-equilibrium properties of the gyrator model with anharmonic confining potentials are considerably different from its harmonic counterpart - especially in set-ups leading to a non-equilibrium dynamics and the resulting gyration patterns.Comment: 9 pages, 5 figure

Monitoring nonenzymatic glycation of human immunoglobulin G by methylglyoxal and glyoxal: A spectroscopic study

The accumulation of dicarbonyl compounds, methylglyoxal (MG) and glyoxal (G), has been observed in diabetic conditions. They are formed from nonoxidative mechanisms in anaerobic glycolysis and lipid peroxidation, and they act as advanced glycation endproduct (AGE) precursors. The objective of this study was to monitor and characterize the AGE formation of human immunoglobulin G (hIgG) by MG and G using ultraviolet (UV) and fluorescence spectroscopy, circular dichroism (CD), and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization–mass spectrometry (MALDI–MS). hIgG was incubated over time with MG and G at different concentrations. Formation of AGE was monitored by UV and fluorescence spectroscopy. The effect of AGE formation on secondary structure of hIgG was studied by CD. Comparison of AGE profile for MG and G was performed by MALDI–MS. Both MG and G formed AGE, with MG being nearly twice as reactive as G. The combination of these techniques is a convenient method for evaluating and characterizing the AGE proteins

Comparative study of complications following laparoscopic TEP versus TAPP versus open hernioplasty in inguinal hernia repair

INTRODUCTION: Inguinal hernia can be repaired by any of the three methods of Lichtenstein open hernioplasty, Laparoscopic TEP or TAPP. The most scientific way to come to conclusion over superiority of one method over other is evidence-based medicine. Here we compare the intra-operative and immediate post-operative complications of 25 cases of primary unilateral inguinal hernia without complications treated with each method. AIM AND OBJECTIVE: To compare the intra operative and early post-operative complications of laparoscopic hernioplasty TAPP versus TEP versus Lichtenstein tension free open hernioplasty. MATERIALS AND METHODS: All cases of uncomplicated primary unilateral inguinal hernia operated in Stanley medical college were considered for the study. Intra operative complications were seen and recorded. Post-operative pain was recorded based on Visual Analog Scale and requirement of analgesics. Post-operative complications like urinary retention, wound seroma, wound hematoma, wound infection, port site infection, recurrence, mesh infection, bowel complication was collected with clinical examination and complications recorded. The total duration of hospital stay is also noted. RESULTS: Primary unilateral inguinal hernia without complications can be treated with Lichtenstein tension free open hernioplasty or laparoscopic trans abdominal preperitoneal hernioplasty or laparoscopic totally extraperitoneal hernioplasty. Lichtenstein open hernioplasty has advantage over laparoscopic repair in terms of shorter duration of surgery and learning curve. Although no major intra operative complications were noticed in the present study, literature shows evidence of major vessel and organ damage, even mortality following laparoscopic procedures. But laparoscopic hernia repair outscores Lichtenstein repair in terms of post-operative complications and early discharge of the patient. Among the laparoscopic hernia repair, between TEP and TAPP, TEP has statistically significant lesser complication rates and time of discharge. But these are surgeon dependent factors and varies between studies. Hence according to the present study TEP is the best method of hernioplasty for a primary inguinal hernia. However, large scale studies and long-term follow-up studies are required to evaluate for the chronic pain, recurrence rates and learning curve in laparoscopic hernia repair