Viability studies of Pseudomonas fluorescens, Pf 1 in liquid formulation, its effect on plant growth and on root knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita

Viability of Pseudomonas fluorescens, Pf 1 in liquid formulation amended with different chemicals was studied for a period of one year. Among the amendments tested, NB with 10 mM glycerol showed maximum viability of Pf 1 cells (360 days). Similarly, in stickers, NB with starch (2%) showed the maximum viability of Pf 1 cells (240 days). Plant growth promotion studies carried out in tomato cv Co3 under roll towel and pot culture method revealed that fifth day old culture of Pf 1 showed enhanced plant growth when compared with other subsequent day old cultures. Under in vitro studies against Meloidogyne incognita, the same fifth day old culture at its 25 per cent concentration recorded the least egg hatching and maximum juvenile mortality. However, the efficiency of different days old cultures remained effective over control for a period of one year when stored as liquid formulation along with chemical amendments

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Training Manual on Mass Production and Quality Testing of Microbial Pesticides for Management of Crop Pests and Diseases.

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Potential of a rhizobacterium Bacillus subtilis (Bbv 57) on Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. gerberae and Meloidogyne incognita infecting Gerbera grown in protected cultivation.

Not AvailableNinety five bacterial strains were isolated from the rhizosphere and soils of flower crops, specifically gerbera, carnation and tuberose, were preliminarily screened against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. gerberae in vitro along with five elite strains Bbv 57, EPCO 16, EPC 5, EPC 8 and Pf 1 obtained from Department of Plant Pathology, TNAU, Coimbatore, India. The results revealed that the strain Bbv 57 had highest inhibition of 50.00% and showed the maximum value for the assays that is siderophore, hydrogen cyanide, IAA, GA3 and salicylic acid production (3.68 O.D. value; 14.05 μgml-1; 44.40 μg ml-1; 25.28 μg ml-1 and 19.25 μg ml-1 respectively). It also showed resistance to antibiotics namely ampicillin, erythromycin, clindamycin. The highest exopolysaccharides, biofilm production was observed and had lowest protease production clearly indicated that it is non - pathogenic to plants. Further, the polymerase chain reaction using16S rRNA intervening sequencing showed 100% homology to Bacillus subtilis (KF718836) and showed positive for quorum sensing regulator genes of aiiA and comQ. Additionally, the culture filtrate assay also produced significant reduction in egg hatching capacity and juvenile mortality of root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita. Further, the HPLC study showed 91.69 μg μl-1 of surfactin with the retention time of 2.304 min and 0.453 μg μl-1 of Iturin with the retention time of 8.739 min at 205 nm. Whereas, GCMS analysis has detected the aliphatic hydrocarbons responsible for antifungal, antibacterial and nematicidal activity.Not Availabl

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Not AvailablePlant parasitic nematodes are one of the major threats to quantitative and qualitative production of several economic crops growing around the world. Nematodes are expected to cause annual global loss of $358 billion to agricultural crops. Growers generally depend primarily on chemical nematicides to solve the nematode problem but the negative impact of chemicals on the environment and the resistance developed by these plant parasitic nematodes against the nematicides demand for an alternative approach that should be eco-friendly and cost effective. Biocontrol agents are important components of eco-friendly pest management systems. Among the biocontrol agents, fungi have been found the most effective that reduce nematode populations. Fungal antagonists of nematodes consist of a wide range of organisms belonging to divergent orders and families, which include nematode trapping fungi, endoparasitic fungi, parasite of nematode eggs and cysts and symbiotic fungi. They reduce nematode population directly through parasitism and antibiosis or by providing higher nutrient and water uptake to the plant or by modifying the root morphology. Besides, they can also induce resistance against nematodes by activating hormone mediated plant defense mechanisms. In order to maximize the benefits, fungal biocontrol agents need to be included in integrated nematode management (INM) programs. This chapter provides an overview of the potential of various fungal biocontrol agents against plant parasitic nematodes. Besides, cost effective technologies for the mass production of these biocontrol agents have been also discussed.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableThis training manual briefly explains the isolation and identification of fungal and bacterial biocontrol agents and their different screening methods against pests, diseases and nematodes. Mass production and formulation methods of the different bioagents and their quality testing and contamination problems were explained clearly in the manual.Not Availabl

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Biocontrol of wilt-nematode complex infecting gerbera by Bacillus subtilis under protected cultivation

Abstract A strong antibiotic producer, Bacillus subtilis strain Bbv 57 (KF718836), has been utilized for the management of wilt-nematode complex (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. gerberae, Meloidogyne incognita) in gerbera under greenhouse conditions in the Department of Floriculture, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India. The strain strongly inhibited F. oxysporum f. sp. gerberae (KM523669) mycelial growth to an extent of 44.33 and 63.33%, at 10 and 100 μl, of culture filtrate, respectively. Further, the culture filtrate at 100% concentration exerted lethal effect on nematode eggs (7.00 hatched) and juveniles (87% mortality) compared to control. The analysis of TLC revealed that Bbv 57 showed the cyclic antimicrobial peptides surfactin and iturin that were confirmed by PCR. Strain Bbv 57 was able to produce antifungal and anti-nematicidal activity with reduced wilt incidence (15.33%) and thus holds a great potential for use in the biocontrol of Fusarium wilt-root-knot nematode disease complex in gerbera under greenhouse conditions

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Not AvailableRice root knot nematode, Meloidogyne graminicola is one of the important constraints in the major rice growing areas of Asia especially in India. In the present study, resistance / susceptibility of NRRI released rice varieties/hybrids against M. graminicola were assessed through root gall index scoring. Development of nematodes inside the galls in the resistant and susceptible varieties were also assessed. Among the 115 NRRI varieties screened against rice root knot nematode, 20 varieties were reported to exhibit high susceptibility (gall index - 5), 68 varieties recorded susceptible reaction (gall index - 4) and 27 varieties registered moderately resistant reaction (gall index - 3) when evaluated under pot conditions. Examination of the moderately resistant varieties revealed less number of nematode penetration and female development in it with longer period of life cycle compared to susceptible varieties. Assured varieties recorded in the present study might be useful for breeding of hybrid rice for the nematode managementNot Availabl