Scheinwerfer fuer ein Kraftfahrzeug und Verfahren zum Herstellen desselben

DE 102008019664 A1 UPAB: 20081121 NOVELTY - The headlamp has a layer system on the inner side of the closure discs including a metal layer between top and bottom layers, one or both of which consists of aluminum nitride or silicon nitride, or an oxide or a mixture of oxides of the following elements: silicon, titanium, aluminum, zinc, tin, indium, niobium, zirconium or tantalum. USE - For a motor vehicle. ADVANTAGE - Closure discs have high transmission in visible light waveband, and can be de-iced, even if LEDs are used as the light source

Root distribution and nutrient status of mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal Pinus sylvestris L. seedlings growing in a sandy substrate with lignite fragments

The original publication can be found at www.springerlink.comReclaimed mine soils of the Lusatian mining district are characterised by small-scale heterogeneous distribution of lignite fragments of varying size embedded in a matrix of Tertiary and Quaternary sandy material. Despite amelioration with basic fly ashes, ongoing pyrite oxidation and the subsequent acidification generate a high physical and chemical heterogeneity within the substrate, which could negatively affect root proliferation. We hypothesised that this limitation for the root system may be compensated for by intensive exploration of the porous lignite fragments by roots and/or mycorrhizal hyphae to access water and nutrients stored in these fragments. To test this hypothesis, we compared growth, shoot nutrient content, and root distribution of mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal Pinus sylvestris L. seedlings in lignite-containing and lignite-free sandy substrate. Rhizotrons used for this experiment were filled with a sandy matrix with 6–9 evenly distributed spots of lignite fragments. Treatments included different levels of water and nutrient availability. After 8 months of growth, root tip vitality as well as growth and shoot nutrient concentration of the plants was higher for treatments with lignite spots in the sandy substrate than for sandy substrate without such amendments. Compared to the non-mycorrhizal plants, the seedlings inoculated with Paxillus involutus (Batsch) Fr. had a higher root dry mass, an increased number of root tips and a higher root length. These results confirm our hypothesis that the lignite fragments are an important nutrient and water reservoir for plants in these mine soils and they indicate that mycorrhizal colonisation may allow an intensive exploration of porous lignite fragments by mycorrhizal hyphae.K. Baumann, B.U. Schneider, P. Marschner and R.F. Hütt