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Not AvailableFCV tobacco in Andhra Pradesh is grown in an area of 40,000 ha under black soil conditions in East & West Godavari, Krishna, Guntur and Prakasam districts. The productivity of FCV tobacco under black soils is about 1800 kg/ha. In order to improve the productivity, a breeding programme was under taken and the subsequently selections were made from the segregating generations. Nine selections viz., V-4377, V-4379, V-4380, V-4388, V-4391, V4392, V-4393, V-4404 and V-4405 were advanced for testing under replicated trial along with three controls viz., Hema, VT-1158 and Siri at CTRI farm, Katheru, Rajahmundry for three seasons (2007-08 to 2009-10). Among the entries evaluated, V-4380 and V-4388 recorded significantly higher yields of 16 and 13% in green leaf, 17 and 14% in cured leaf, 18 and 13% in bright leaf and 18 and 14% in grade index respectively over the better control, Siri. The seasons and seasons x treatments interaction differed significantly. The best season for all the yield attributes was 2007-08. Lines V-4380 and V4388 were in multi-location trials under All India Network Research Project on Tobacco.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableOrobanche, ‘the total root parasite’ known for more than a century, causes large losses in the agriculture production system in most countries of Asian, African and European continents. A large number of crops such as tomato, sunflower, tobacco, hemp, many legumes and crucifers are parasitized by Orobanche spp. The cultural practices and application of herbicide were the measures being adopted for control of this weed which is usually involves high cost. Control through resistance breeding is the most cost effective approach to eradicate the weed. To breed any cultivar against Orobanche, it is first important to understand the host and weed complex completely. Here in this review attempts have been made to review the life cycle of parasite, host weed interaction, resistance breeding strategies in few crops and thus coming out with future research perspective for developing host plants resistant to Orobanche. Keywords: Orobanche, resistance breeding, strigolactones, host-parasite interaction.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableOrobanche, ‘the total root parasite’ known for more than a century, causes large losses in the agriculture production system in most countries of Asian, African and European continents. A large number of crops such as tomato, sunflower, tobacco, hemp, many legumes and crucifers are parasitized by Orobanche spp. The cultural practices and application of herbicide were the measures being adopted for control of this weed which is usually involves high cost. Control through resistance breeding is the most cost effective approach to eradicate the weed. To breed any cultivar against Orobanche, it is first important to understand the host and weed complex completely. Here in this review attempts have been made to review the life cycle of parasite, host weed interaction, resistance breeding strategies in few crops and thus coming out with future research perspective for developing host plants resistant to Orobanche.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableOrobanche, ‘the total root parasite’ known for more than a century, causes large losses in the agriculture production system in most countries of Asian, African and European continents. A large number of crops such as tomato, sunflower, tobacco, hemp, many legumes and crucifers are parasitized by Orobanche spp. The cultural practices and application of herbicide were the measures being adopted for control of this weed which is usually involves high cost. Control through resistance breeding is the most cost effective approach to eradicate the weed. To breed any cultivar against Orobanche, it is first important to understand the host and weed complex completely. Here in this review attempts have been made to review the life cycle of parasite, host weed interaction, resistance breeding strategies in few crops and thus coming out with future research perspective for developing host plants resistant to Orobanche.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableA number of promising high yielding low tar tobacco lines were developed in a breeding programme at CTRI Research Station, Jeelugumilli and among them, nine selected lines were assessed in a replicated trial (2003-06) at the Station. Two entries JS-62 and JS-117 recorded significantly higher leaf yields of all types over both the controls viz., CM 12 and Kanchan. JS-62 recorded 24% increase in cured leaf yield (2290 kg/ha) and 21% in grade index (1456) over Kanchan. Line JS-117 recorded an increase of 18% in cured leaf yield (2167 kg/ha) and 16% in grade index (1393) over Kanchan. Based on the overall performance of lines during individual years and on the basis of pooled analysis, these two lines were promoted for multilocation testing under AINRP(T) during 200607. In the IVT and AVT trials conducted at CTRI RS, Jeelugumilli, performance of the lines JS-62 and JS-117 was found to be comparable to control, Kanchan with mean cured leaf yield of 2203 and 2205 kg/ha, respectively. In the bulk trial conducted during 2009-10 and 2010-11, JS-62 and JS-117 recorded 1276 and 1388 kg/ha mean cured leaf yield, respectively, against 1205 kg/ha in Kanchan. These lines recorded an increase of 6 and 15% in cured leaf and 10 and 22% in grade index than Kanchan, respectively. The line JS-62 was developed from a cross between Mc Nair 135 x CM-12 and JS-117 from a cross between Kanchan and D1. Morphologically, JS-62 is broad leaf type like CM-12 and JS-117 is narrow leaf type like Kanchan. The tar content in these lines was found to be 13-20% lower than the check variety, Kanchan. Therefore, with low tar content and comparable yield levels to Kanchan, these lines can be released as low tar varieties for northern ligt soils of Andhra Pradesh. The lines can also be used in further breeding programmes aimed at reducing tar levels in FCV tobacco.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableIn the present study, an effort was made for the development of mapping population for mapping of Tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNA) in tobacco. TSNAs are found only in tobacco products, and are considered to be harmful to tobacco consumers. Molecular mapping of TSNA trait aid in tailoring the tobacco plants to yield lower levels of TSNAs using marker assisted breeding strategies. In order to select the parents for developing mapping populations, 11 burley lines were characterized for their TSNA yielding abilities and molecular polymorphism using 34 RAPD markers. Based on this, three polymorphic lines viz., Banket-A1, By-64 and VA-510 were identified as parents for developing mapping population. Banket-A1 is a high TSNA yielding variety and selected as one of the parent. VA-510, a low TSNA line recording higher molecular diversity with Banket-A1 was crossed with Banket-A1 for developing mapping population. Another line, By-64 recording low TSNA, having desirable morphological characters and least molecular diversity with Banket-A1 was crossed with Banket-A1 for developing another mapping population. Recombinant Inbred Lines (RILs) were developed from both the crosses through single seed descent method. These populations developed using diverse parents are of immense use in mapping of genes governing TSNA content in tobacco.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableIn the present study, an effort was made for the development of mapping population for mapping of Tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNA) in tobacco. TSNAs are found only in tobacco products, and are considered to be harmful to tobacco consumers. Molecular mapping of TSNA trait aid in tailoring the tobacco plants to yield lower levels of TSNAs using marker assisted breeding strategies. In order to select the parents for developing mapping populations, 11 burley lines were characterized for their TSNA yielding abilities and molecular polymorphism using 34 RAPD markers. Based on this, three polymorphic lines viz., Banket-A1, By-64 and VA-510 were identified as parents for developing mapping population. Banket-A1 is a high TSNA yielding variety and selected as one of the parent. VA-510, a low TSNA line recording higher molecular diversity with Banket-A1 was crossed with Banket-A1 for developing mapping population. Another line, By-64 recording low TSNA, having desirable morphological characters and least molecular diversity with Banket-A1 was crossed with Banket-A1 for developing another mapping population. Recombinant Inbred Lines (RILs) were developed from both the crosses through single seed descent method. These populations developed using diverse parents are of immense use in mapping of genes governing TSNA content in tobacco.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableA number of promising high yielding low tar tobacco lines were developed in a breeding programme at CTRI Research Station, Jeelugumilli and among them, nine selected lines were assessed in a replicated trial (2003-06) at the Station. Two entries JS-62 and JS-117 recorded significantly higher leaf yields of all types over both the controls viz., CM 12 and Kanchan. JS-62 recorded 24% increase in cured leaf yield (2290 kg/ha) and 21% in grade index (1456) over Kanchan. Line JS-117 recorded an increase of 18% in cured leaf yield (2167 kg/ha) and 16% in grade index (1393) over Kanchan. Based on the overall performance of lines during individual years and on the basis of pooled analysis, these two lines were promoted for multilocation testing under AINRP(T) during 2006- 07. In the IVT and AVT trials conducted at CTRI RS, Jeelugumilli, performance of the lines JS-62 and JS-117 was found to be comparable to control, Kanchan with mean cured leaf yield of 2203 and 2205 kg/ha, respectively. In the bulk trial conducted during 2009-10 and 2010-11, JS-62 and JS-117 recorded 1276 and 1388 kg/ha mean cured leaf yield, respectively, against 1205 kg/ha in Kanchan. These lines recorded an increase of 6 and 15% in cured leaf and 10 and 22% in grade index than Kanchan, respectively. The line JS-62 was developed from a cross between Mc Nair 135 x CM-12 and JS-117 from a cross between Kanchan and D1. Morphologically, JS-62 is broad leaf type like CM-12 and JS-117 is narrow leaf type like Kanchan. The tar content in these lines was found to be 13-20% lower than the check variety, Kanchan. Therefore, with low tar content and comparable yield levels to Kanchan, these lines can be released as low tar varieties for northern ligt soils of Andhra Pradesh. The lines can also be used in further breeding programmes aimed at reducing tar levels in FCV tobacco.Not Availabl