Quotient Energy of Zero Divisor Graphs And Identity Graphs

إذا اعتبرنا ان (p,q) هورسم البياني المتصل البسيط    مجموع القيم المطلقة لسلسلة مصفوفة الحاصل في الرسم البياني تشكل الرسم البياني لطاقة الحاصل. الهدف من هذه الدراسة هو فحص طاقة حاصل الرسوم البيانية للمطابقة والرسوم البيانية القاسم الصفري للحلقات التبادلية باستخدام نظرية المجموعة ونظرية الرسم البياني، والتطبيقات. في هذه الدراسة، يتم فحص الرسوم البيانية للمطابقة المشتقة من المجموعة وفئات قليلة من الرسوم البيانية لقاسم الصفر للحلقة التبادلية R.Consider the (p,q) simple connected graph . The sum absolute values of the spectrum of quotient matrix of a graph  make up the graph's quotient energy. The objective of this study is to examine the quotient energy of identity graphs and zero-divisor graphs  of commutative rings using group theory, graph theory, and applications. In this study, the identity graphs  derived from the group  and a few classes of zero-divisor graphs  of the commutative ring R are examined

Biomarkers as ecological indices in monitoring the status of market fish

Abstract Background Environmental contamination has become a major concern over the past few decades, drawing the attention of numerous researchers from both developed and developing nations. The aquatic system serves as the primary sink for the disposal of garbage, which has a negative impact on the aquatic environment and biota. The reality is that heavy metals cannot be totally removed from the ecosystem because they can bioaccumulate and grow in strength as they move up the food chain. Particularly heavy metals can build up in the tissues of aquatic animals, and as a result, tissue concentrations of heavy metals may be harmful to both human and animal health. Our study aimed to elucidate the possible use of biomarkers in monitoring and assessing the heavy metals contaminants among fresh water fish. Results From the present study, we conclude that glutathione peroxidase can be used as the bioindicator for nickel and iron contamination. Ultimately, these studies focus on measuring levels of pollution that may induce irreversible ecological changes to aquatic ecosystems. Till now the level of toxicity was moderate, and it was progressing toward the danger. Efforts can be made to control the activities that release pollutants unnaturally into the environment from both public and government so that the clean and clear environment can be maintained. Conclusions The work concludes that a multiparameter analysis is needed to assess and monitor the ecological status of the aquatic environment

Electroless nano zinc oxide–activate carbon composite supercapacitor electrode

An electroless deposition process was used to synthesize the nanostructured zinc oxide (ZnO)–activated carbon (AC) as supercapacitor. The composite oxide was studied by high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD). The electrochemical performance of the nanocomposite was analyzed through cyclic voltammetry (CV) and AC impedance spectroscopy (EIS) in 0.1 M Na2SO4 as electrolyte. A specific capacitance 187 F g−1 at a scan rate of 5 mV s−1 was obtained using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and a nearly rectangular shaped CV curve was observed for the composite oxide. The supercapacitor was quite stable during charge–discharge cycling and exhibited constant capacitance during the long-term cycling. It also yielded a specific capacitance 171 F g−1 at 5 mA cm−2 with a high energy density of 21.9 Wh kg−1 and 4.2 kW kg−1 of power density. Due to unique structure of prepared ZnO–AC nanocomposite, it is a promising candidate for supercapacitor