9 research outputs found

    Prevention of infection caused by immunosuppressive drugs in gastroenterology

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    Immunosuppressive therapy is frequently used to treat gastrointestinal diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease, autoimmune hepatitis, IgG4-related disease (autoimmune pancreatitis and sclerosing cholangitis) and in the post-transplantation setting. These drugs interfere with the immune system. The main safety concern with their use is the risk of infections. Certain infections can be prevented or their impact minimized. Physicians must adopt preventative strategies and should have a high degree of suspicion to recognize infections early and treat appropriately. This article reviews the risk factors for infections, the mechanism of action of immunosuppressive therapy and proposes preventive strategies. 漏 The Author(s), 2013

    Prevention of infection caused by immunosuppressive drugs in gastroenterology

    No full text
    Immunosuppressive therapy is frequently used to treat gastrointestinal diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease, autoimmune hepatitis, IgG4-related disease (autoimmune pancreatitis and sclerosing cholangitis) and in the post-transplantation setting. These drugs interfere with the immune system. The main safety concern with their use is the risk of infections. Certain infections can be prevented or their impact minimized. Physicians must adopt preventative strategies and should have a high degree of suspicion to recognize infections early and treat appropriately. This article reviews the risk factors for infections, the mechanism of action of immunosuppressive therapy and proposes preventive strategies. 漏 The Author(s), 2013

    Critical, strategic and deficit metals in the waste of electrical and electronic equipment

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    Odpady sprz臋tu elektrycznego i elektronicznego s膮 藕r贸d艂em m.in. glinu, 偶elaza (surowce strategiczne), miedzi, srebra (surowiec deficytowy), magnezu, kobaltu i antymonu (surowce krytyczne) oraz kadmu, stop贸w metali, a tak偶e tworzyw sztucznych (polipropylen, akrylonitryl-butadien-styren, polistyren i teflon). Stale post臋puj膮cy rozw贸j technologiczny w zakresie sprz臋tu elektrycznego i elektronicznego powoduje u potencjalnych u偶ytkownik贸w ch臋膰 posiadania sprz臋tu nowej generacji. Naturaln膮 konsekwencj膮 tej prawid艂owo艣ci jest wzrost ilo艣ci wytwarzanych odpad贸w zu偶ytego sprz臋tu elektrycznego i elektronicznego (ZSEE).The waste management of waste electrical and electronic equipment are the source of metals, for example: aluminium, iron (strategic raw materials), copper, silver (deficit raw material) magnesium, cobalt, antimony (critical raw materials) and cadmium and alloys, and plastics (for example: polypropylene, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene, polystyrene and teflon). Constant technological development in the field of electrical and electronic equipment causes potential users to desire newer generation of hardware. The natural consequence of this regularity is to increase the amount of waste of electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE)

    Management of the Non-Energy Raw Materials in Poland; Critical, Strategic and Deficit Natural Resources

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    Artyku艂 omawia problemy zwi膮zane z gospodark膮 surowcami krytycznymi, strategicznymi i deficytowymi w Polsce. Gospodarka tymi surowcami obejmuje: zapotrzebowanie na ww. surowce nieenergetyczne, ich import do Polski wraz z g艂贸wnymi kierunkami importu oraz eksport niekt贸rych z tych surowc贸w poza granice naszego kraju.This paper presents issues concerning management of critical, strategic and deficit raw materials in Poland. Management of these materials includes: demand for the abovementioned non-energy raw materials, import and the origin of import of non-energy raw materials to Poland, export of some of these materials abroad

    Analysis of Obtainment Potential of Deficit Minerals in Poland

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    W 2008 r. Komitet ds. Kopalin Krytycznych dla Gospodarki Stan贸w Zjednoczonych przedstawi艂 definicj臋 surowc贸w strategicznych, kt贸ra zosta艂a r贸wnie偶 przyj臋ta przez kraje Unii Europejskiej. Grup臋 surowc贸w strategicznych stanowi 14 surowc贸w, tj.: baryt, diatomity, perlit, talk, gliny ceramiczne (wraz z kaolinem), surowce skaleniowe, surowce boru, bentonit, srebro, mied藕, piaski kwarcowe, lit, tytan i wapienie. Maj膮 one wa偶ne znaczenie ekonomiczne i charakteryzuj膮 si臋 wysokim ryzykiem niedoboru lub braku poda偶y. Sytuacja ta jest wynikiem ograniczonej ilo艣ci 藕r贸de艂 ich pozyskiwania. Niniejszy rozdzia艂 prezentuje podsumowanie pracy przegl膮dowej IMBiGS dotycz膮cej surowc贸w deficytowych. Praca ta zawiera艂a m. in. informacje o: kopalinach/surowcach krytycznych i ich w艂a艣ciwo艣ciach fizykochemicznych oraz ich wyst臋powaniu i wydobyciu w Polsce, stosowanych technologiach wzbogacania rud i przetw贸rstwie koncentrat贸w w celu pozyskania surowc贸w deficytowych a tak偶e gospodarce surowcami deficytowymi w Polsce oraz o obszarach ich zastosowania. Kompleksowa ocena potencja艂u surowcowego kraj贸w Unii Europejskiej oraz identyfikacja tzw. surowc贸w krytycznych, niezb臋dnych dla jej harmonijnego i zr贸wnowa偶onego rozwoju gospodarczego oraz post臋pu technologicznego, jest jednym z priorytet贸w polityki surowcowej UE.In 2008 Committee on Critical Mineral Impacts of the U.S. Economy, presented a definition of deficit raw materials, which was also adopted by the countries of the European Union. A group of deficit raw materials includes 14 minerals/materials which have economic importance and have a high risk of deficiency or lack of supply. These are: barytes, diatomites, perlite, talc, clay ceramics (including kaolin), feldspar, raw material boron, bentonite, silver, copper, silica sands, lithium, titanium and limestone. Such situation is the result of a limited number of sources of acquisition. This paper is a summary of the review work performed by IMBiGS for deficit raw materials. This work contains information on: fuels/raw materials and their physico-chemical properties, occurrence and production in Poland, enrichment of ores and processing concentrates, deficit raw materials management in Poland and the fields of application of these materials. A comprehensive assessment of mineral potential of the European Union countries and the identification of the so-called deficit raw materials necessary for its harmonious and sustainable economic development and technological progress, is one of the priorities of the EU's raw materials policy

    Key Legislative and Jurisprudential Developments of Polish Antitrust Law in 2011

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    The article presents key developments in Polish antitrust legislation and jurisprudence of 2011. Its legislative part focuses on the renewal of Polish Group Exemption Regulations for vertical agreements, specialization and R&D agreements as well as cooperation agreements in the insurance sector. Noted is also the sole amendment of the Competition Act introduced in 2011 which concerns the financial liability of the Polish competition authority. The article covers also the new Guidelines of the UOKiK President on the criteria and procedures of merger notifications. Presented in its jurisprudential part is a number of 2011 rulings, mainly those rendered by the Supreme Court and the Court of Appeals, divided according to their subject matter with respect to particular types of restrictive practices and other problems related to the decision-making process of the UOKiK President
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