Bleeding Risk with Dual Antiplatelet Therapy and Gastrostomy Tube Placement:

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IN VITRO ANTIBACTERIAL PROFILE OF ALSTONIA VENENATA R. BR-A COMPARATIVE STUDY

Objective: To investigate the antibacterial efficacy of leaves, stem-bark, root-bark, flowers and fruits of Alstonia venenata R. Br. Methods: The antimicrobial efficacy of butanol and methanol solvent extracts was evaluated by agar well diffusion against selected pathogenic bacterial strains. Gram negative strains like Pseudomonas aerugenosa, Proteus vulgaris, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Slamonella enteric typhimurium, Salmonella typhi, Salmonella paratyphi A, Shigella spp. were tested. Gram positive strains tested were Micrococcus luteus and Staphylococcus aureus. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were determined using macro broth dilution method against clinical isolate of Staphylococcus aureus. Streptomycin 0.125 mg/ml was used as positive control and Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as the solvent control. Results: Butanol and methanol extracts of all the plant parts are highly effective against Gram positive strains and show moderate inhibition against Gram negative strains. Stem-bark and root-bark butanol were the most effective fractions followed by fruit, flower and leaf extracts. The inhibition zones of Micrococcus luteus and Staphylococcus aureus were 24-26 mm and 18-20 mm respectively. The observed zone size was equal to or greater than the positive control used. The MIC value for stem-bark butanol and root-bark butanol were 0.98 mg/ml and the MBC values were 7.8 mg/ml and 3.9 mg/ml respectively. For fruit, flower and leaf butanol the MIC values were 15.6, 31.25 and 125 mg. Conclusion: The extracts were highly active against Gram positive strains than Gram negative strains. The butanol extracts were the most active fraction followed by the methanol extracts. Highest activity was observed for root-bark and stem-bark followed by fruit, flower and leaf extracts

IN VITRO ANTIBACTERIAL PROFILE OF ALSTONIA VENENATA R. BR- A COMPARATIVE STUDY

Objective: To investigate the antibacterial efficacy of leaves, stem-bark, root- bark, flowers and fruits of Alstonia venenata R. Br. Methods: The antimicrobial efficacy of butanol and methanol solvent extracts was evaluated by agar well diffusion against selected pathogenic bacterial strains. Gram negative strains like Pseudomonas aerugenosa, Proteus vulgaris, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Slamonella enteric typhimurium, Salmonella typhi, Salmonella paratyphi A, Shigella spp. were tested. Gram positive strains tested were Micrococcus luteus and Staphylococcus aureus. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were determined using macro broth dilution method against clinical isolate of Staphylococcus aureus. Streptomycin 0.125mg/ml was used as positive control and Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as solvent control. Results: Butanol and methanol extracts of all the plant parts are highly effective against Gram positive strains and show moderate inhibition against Gram negative strains. Stem-bark and root-bark butanol were the most effective fractions followed by fruit, flower and leaf extracts. The inhibition zones of Micrococcus luteus and Staphylococcus aureus were 24-26 mm and 18-20 mm respectively. The observed zone size was equal to or greater than the positive control used. The MIC value for stem-bark butanol and root-bark butanol were 0.98 mg/ml and the MBC values were 7.8 mg/ml and 3.9 mg/ml respectively. For fruit, flower and leaf butanol the MIC values were 15.6, 31.25 and 125mg. Conclusion: The extracts were highly active against Gram positive strains than Gram negative strains. The butanol extracts were the most active fraction followed by the methanol extracts. Highest activity was observed for root-bark and stem-bark followed by fruit, flower and leaf extracts

Protumoral role of monocytes in human B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia: involvement of the chemokine CXCL10

Abstract Myelomonocytic cells play a key role in the progression of many solid tumors. However, very little is known about their contribution to the progression of hematopoietic cancers. We investigated the role of monocytes in the progression of human B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (BCP-ALL). We demonstrated that coculturing human monocytes in vitro with CD19+ BCP-ALL blasts from patients "conditioned" them to an inflammatory phenotype characterized by significant up-regulation of the chemokine, CXCL10. This phenotype was also observable ex vivo in monocytes isolated from BCP-ALL patients, which show elevated CXCL10 production compared with monocytes from healthy donors. Functionally, the "conditioned" monocytes promoted migration and invasive capacity of BCP-ALL cells. Increased invasion was mediated by matrix metalloproteinase 9 expression and activity in the BCP-ALL cells induced by the monocyte-derived CXCL10. However, neither the "conditioned" monocytes nor the CXCL10 produced by these cells had any effect on the proliferation/viability of BCP-ALL cells and angiogenesis. Collectively, our results strongly suggest a protumoral role for human monocytes in BCP-ALL, orchestrated by CXCL10 and its effect on tumor cell migration and invasion. These observations highlight the importance of the CXCL10/CXCR3 chemokine circuit in BCP-ALL progression

Three-dimensionally Ordered Macroporous Structure Enabled Nanothermite Membrane of Mn2O3/Al

Mn2O3 has been selected to realize nanothermite membrane for the first time in the literature. Mn2O3/Al nanothermite has been synthesized by magnetron sputtering a layer of Al film onto three-dimensionally ordered macroporous (3DOM) Mn2O3 skeleton. The energy release is significantly enhanced owing to the unusual 3DOM structure, which ensures Al and Mn2O3 to integrate compactly in nanoscale and greatly increase effective contact area. The morphology and DSC curve of the nanothermite membrane have been investigated at various aluminizing times. At the optimized aluminizing time of 30 min, energy release reaches a maximum of 2.09 kJ∙g−1, where the Al layer thickness plays a decisive role in the total energy release. This method possesses advantages of high compatibility with MEMS and can be applied to other nanothermite systems easily, which will make great contribution to little-known nanothermite research

A direct numerical simulation method for complex modulus of particle dispersions

We report an extension of the smoothed profile method (SPM)[Y. Nakayama, K. Kim, and R. Yamamoto, Eur. Phys. J. E {\bf 26}, 361(2008)], a direct numerical simulation method for calculating the complex modulus of the dispersion of particles, in which we introduce a temporally oscillatory external force into the system. The validity of the method was examined by evaluating the storage $G'(\omega)$ and loss $G"(\omega)$ moduli of a system composed of identical spherical particles dispersed in an incompressible Newtonian host fluid at volume fractions of $\Phi=0$, 0.41, and 0.51. The moduli were evaluated at several frequencies of shear flow; the shear flow used here has a zigzag profile, as is consistent with the usual periodic boundary conditions

Integrated healthcare and the dilemma of public health emergencies

Traditional healthcare services have demonstrated structural shortcomings in the delivery of patient care and enforced numerous elements of integration in the delivery of healthcare services. Integrated healthcare aims at providing all healthcare that makes humans healthy. However, with mainly chronically ill people and seniors, typically suffering from numerous comorbidities and diseases, being recruited for care, there is a need for a change in the healthcare service structure beyond direct-patient care to be compatible in peacetime and during public health emergencies. This article’s objective is to discuss the opportunities and obstacles for increasing the effectiveness of healthcare through improved integration. A rapid evidence review approach was used by performing a systematic followed by a non-systematic literature review and content analysis. The results confirmed that integrated healthcare systems play an increasingly important role in healthcare system reforms undertaken in European Union countries. The essence of these changes is the transition from the episodic treatment of acute diseases to the provision of coordinated medical services, focused on chronic cases, prevention, and ensuring patient continuity. However, integrated healthcare, at a level not yet fully defined, will be necessary if we are to both define and attain the integrated practice of both global health and global public health emergencies. This paper attains the necessary global challenges to integrate healthcare effectively at every level of society. There is a need for more knowledge to effectively develop, support, and disseminate initiatives related to coordinated healthcare in the individual healthcare systems