ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF VARIOUS SOLVENT EXTRACTS OF SPIRULINA PLATENSIS AGAINST HUMAN PATHOGENS

Background: Spirulina has been used as human food supplement over the last century. It contains high protein content, vitamins (A, D, E, K and B complex vitamins), beta-carotene, manganese, zinc, copper, iron, selenium, and gamma linolenic acid. Numerous studies reported that Spirulina contains biological properties such as immunomodulation, antioxidant, anticancer, antimicrobial and probiotic effects. Aim: In the present study, phytochemical analysis and in vitro antibacterial activity of four different solvent extracts (methanol, acetone, chloroform and hexane) of Spirulina platensis was examined. Methods: agar well diffusion technique and paper disc diffusion technique were used to analyse the antimicrobial against human bacterial pathogens viz., Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, Proteus mirabilis, Vibrio vulnificus and Cellulomonas cellulans. Results: Results cleared that methanol and chloroform extracts of Spirulina platensis showed maximum zone of inhibition against E.coli followed by Cellulomonas cellulans and Proteus mirabilis at 100 µg concentration. Acetone extracts showed moderate biological activity against all tested organisms and least activity was recorded in hexane extracts at 10 µg concentrations. Presence of phytochemical compounds such as protein, carbohydrates, flavonoids, phenols, terpenoids and steroids exhibits the relation to the antimicrobial activity of Spirulina platensis against human pathogens. Conclusion: nutritional composition and antimicrobial activity analyses of our present study helps in increasing the importance of utilising Spirulina platensis.Key words: antimicrobial activity, phytochemical compounds, human pathogens

Antibacterial activity of marine macro algae against human pathogens

            Methanol, ethanol and acetone extracts of six seaweed species from the south east coast of India were tested invitro for their antibacterial activities against bacteria. Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumonia, Enterococcus faecalis with the disc diffusion method. Acetone was the best solution for extracting the antimicrobial materials from the algal species used in this experiment, with the exception of Ulva lactua for which ethanol was the most effective extraction solution. A Significant in antibacterial activity was not observed between the ethanol and methanol extracts of each algae. In addition as a result of the comparison of dried and fresh extract of antibacterial activity, it was found that, all the test organisms were more sensitive to fresh extracts of the algae

Influence of vermicompost and vermiwash on physico chemical properties of rice cultivated soil

In this study the effect of vermicompost on soil chemical and physical properties was evaluated during samba rice cultivation studies. The experiments were arranged in a completely randomized block design manner with three replications. The soil sampling and plant growth measurements were carried out for two months, ie., during initial and final stages. The present study has been carried out to study the impact of various vermiproduct such as vemicompost, vermiwash and mixture of vermicompost and vermiwash on soil physico-chemical properties during the pot culture studies of samba rice. The physical properties such as the pH, electrical conductivity (EC), porosity, moisture content, water holding capacity and chemical properties like nitrogen, phosphorous, potassium, calcium and magnesium were found distinctly enhanced in vermicompost treated soil, where as the corresponding physico-chemical values in control were minimum. The soil treated with vermicompost had significantly more electrical conductivity in comparison to unamended pots. The addition of vermicompost in soil resulted in decrease of soil pH. The physical properties such as water holding capacity, moisture content and porosity in soil amended with vermicompost were improved.  The vermiproduct treated plants exhibit faster and higher growth rate and productivity than the control plants.  Among the treated group, the growth rate was high in the mixture of vermicompost and vermiwash treated plants, than the vermicompost and vermiwash un-treated plants. The maximum range of some plant parameter's like number of leaves, leaf length, height of the plants and root length of plant, were recorded in the mixture of vermicompost and vermiwash. The results of this experiment revealed that addition of vemicompost had significant positive effects on the soil physical, chemical properties and plant growth parameters

Myconanosynthesis of Copper Oxide Nanoparticles from Talaromyces versatilis against Human Bacterial Pathogens

Globally, there is a clinical problem caused by rising antibiotic resistance. The latest advances in biosynthesis have intrigued scientists and researchers as they investigate its potential against dangerous bacteria. The current emphasis is on myconanosynthesis, copper oxide nanoparticle (CuO NPs) characterization, and antibacterial efficacy. The extracellular biosynthetic approach we employed to create the CuO NPs was friendly to the environment. From agricultural soil samples, Talaromyces versatilis was isolated. They were comparing its 18s rDNA sequencing allowed for identification. Culture filtrate extracts of fungi were used as the reducing agents to synthesis the nanoparticles. XRD and DLS analysis were used to determine copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) size and material characteristics. When tested against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria from that Salmonella paratyphi, Serratia sp., and Enterococcus fecalis myconanosynthesized copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) demonstrated a maximal zone of inhibition. Additionally, molecular in vivo research will aid in the creation of a novel wide-spectrum antibacterial drug

QUALITATIVE PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF ELYTRARIA ACAULIS LINDAU (ACANTHACEAE) Research Article

ABSTRACTObjectives: To analyze the phytochemicals quantitatively and screening the antioxidant efficacy of methanol extracts of Elytraria acaulis plant extractby in vitro.Methods: The total phenols, flavonoids, and tannin contents analyzed by Folin-Ciocalteu method, aluminum chloride colorimetric and calculated asgallic acid equivalents/g (GAE/g) of dry weight. Free radical scavenging activity was screened using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), radicalscavenging activities, and ferric reducing power assay was also analyzed.Results: The total phenolic content of the aqueous leaf extract was 46.84 µg GAE/g of extract powder. Significantly similar levels of total flavonoid andtannin contents of the plant were 41.72 and 39.50 µg GAE/g, respectively. The plant extracts showed appreciable free radical scavenging activities atthe highest concentration of 400 µg/mL superoxide anion radical with IC values (107.7±1.081 µg/mL), and for DPPH and considerably high amountof radical scavenging activity was found with very low IC5050 values (4.3±0.88 µg/mL) compared with quercetin.Conclusion: The phenolic and flavonoid compounds provide substantial antioxidant properties which could be effectively used for pharmaceutical,nutraceutical as well as anti-inflammatory applications.Keywords: Phenols, Flavonoids, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, Pharmaceuticals