5,212 research outputs found
Seasonal variations in physico-chemical characteristics of River Yamuna in Haryana and its ecological best-designated use
Peer reviewe
On the Estimation of Channel State Transitions for Cognitive Radio Systems
Coexistence by means of shared access is a cognitive radio application. The
secondary user models the slotted primary users channel access as a Markov
process. The model parameters, i.e, the state transition probabilities
(alpha,beta) help secondary user to determine the channel occupancy, thereby
enables secondary user to rank the primary user channels. These parameters are
unknown and need to be estimated by secondary users for each channel. To do so,
the secondary users have to sense all the primary user channels in every time
slot, which is unrealistic for a large and sparsely allocated primary user
spectrum. With no other choice left, the secondary user has to sense a channel
at random time intervals and estimate the parametric information for all the
channels using the observed slots.Comment: 6 page
On the Deployment of Cognitive Relay as Underlay Systems
The objective of this paper is to extend the idea of Cognitive Relay (CR).
CR, as a secondary user, follows an underlay paradigm to endorse secondary
usage of the spectrum to the indoor devices. To seek a spatial opportunity,
i.e., deciding its transmission over the primary user channels, CR models its
deployment scenario and the movements of the primary receivers and indoor
devices. Modeling is beneficial for theoretical analysis, however it is also
important to ensure the performance of CR in a real scenario. We consider
briefly, the challenges involved while deploying a hardware prototype of such a
system.Comment: 6 pages, 7 figures, 4 tables, accepted in Proceedings of CrownCom
2014, Oulu (Finland), June 2-4, 201
Anaerobic Digester Bioaugmentation Influences Quasi Steady State Performance and Microbial Community
Nine anaerobic digesters, each seeded with biomass from a different source, were operated identically and their quasi steady state function was compared. Subsequently, digesters were bioaugmented with a methanogenic culture previously shown to increase specific methanogenic activity. Before bioaugmentation, different seed biomass resulted in different quasi steady state function, with digesters clustering into three groups distinguished by methane (CH4) production. Digesters with similar functional performance contained similar archaeal communities based on clustering of Illumina sequence data of the V4V5 region of the 16S rRNA gene. High CH4 production correlated with neutral pH and high Methanosarcina abundance, whereas low CH4production correlated to low pH as well as high Methanobacterium and DHVEG 6 family abundance. After bioaugmentation, CH4 production from the high CH4 producing digesters transiently increased by 11 ± 3% relative to non-bioaugmented controls (p \u3c 0.05, n = 3), whereas no functional changes were observed for medium and low CH4producing digesters that all had pH higher than 6.7. The CH4 production increase after bioaugmentation was correlated to increased relative abundance of Methanosaeta and Methaospirillum originating from the bioaugment culture. In conclusion, different anaerobic digester seed biomass can result in different quasi steady state CH4production, SCOD removal, pH and effluent VFA concentration in the timeframe studied. The bioaugmentation employed can result in a period of increased methane production. Future research should address extending the period of increased CH4 production by employing pH and VFA control concomitant with bioaugmentation, developing improved bioaugments, or employing a membrane bioreactor to retain the bioaugment
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