Nutrient Content and Nutrient Uptake of Rice by The Impact of Inorganic, Organic, and Biological Sources of Nutrients in An Inceptisol Soil of Tamil Nadu

Using the rice variety ADT-37, a field experiment was conducted in the rabi season of 2023 in Tamil Nadu.  The scope of the study is to find out the impact of different sources of nutrients on nutrient content and uptake of rice.  Most of the previous research work has combined inorganic and organic sources, or inorganic alone or organic alone or anyone with biological.  Here we have included inorganic, organic and biological sources of nutrients. The experiment included of nine treatments viz., T1 – Control, T2 - 100% RDF, T3 - 125% RDF , T4 - 100% RDF + Press mud @ 10 t ha-1 + 2% Zinc Solubilizing Bacteria, T5 – 100% RDF + Vermicompost @ 6 t ha-1 + 2% Zinc Solubilizing Bacteria, T6 – 100% RDF + Coirpith Compost @ 6 t ha-1 + 2% Zinc Solubilizing Bacteria, T7 – 125% RDF + Press mud @ 10 t ha-1 + 2% Zinc Solubilizing Bacteria, T8 – 125% RDF + Vermicompost @ 6 t ha-1 + 2% Zinc Solubilizing Bacteria, T9 – 125% RDF + Coirpith Compost @ 6 t ha-1 + 2% Zinc Solubilizing Bacteria.  The result concluded that 125% RDF + Vermicompost @ 6 t ha-1 + 2% Zinc Solubilizing Bacteria (T8) resulted maximum values in nutrient content and significantly higher in nutrient uptake values

2-(2-Chloro­phen­yl)acetic acid

In the title compound, C8H7ClO2, the carboxyl group forms a dihedral angle of 74.83 (9)° with the benzene ring plane. In the crystal, mol­ecules are linked into inversion dimers by pairs of O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds. The dimers are linked into layers parallel to the bc plane by weak C—H⋯O inter­actions

Impact of Innovations in Value Chain on Sorghum Farmers

The paper has studied the implementation of millets value chain pilot project under the NAIP to create demand for sorghum through diversification in farm production, procurement, ultimately aiming at economical benefits to both farmers and other stakeholders. This 4.5 years novel initiative is still in the mid-way. The study has reported that technological backstopping of sorghum cultivation with end-product specific improved cultivars has realized 51 per cent rise in incremental net income of Rs 16098/ha for the participating farmers (58 per cent rise in kharif and 44 per cent in rabi farmers). The inconvenience in the preparation of sorghum foods which has been the important reason for the decrease in its consumption, has been eliminated through development of convenient and ready-to-eat/cook foods. The factorization of the investment expenditure made per farmer (one acre of sorghum per participating farmer) has been worked out to be Rs 356 (equivalent of Rs 890/ha) in a season resulting in 51 per cent rise in incremental net income over baseline which is slightly higher in kharif sorghum than in rabi sorghum. The output pricing in kharif has helped in attaining these benefits. However, the benefit-cost ratio has worked out in favour of rabi sorghum farmers, i.e. 1:7.5 vis-à-vis kharif farmers BC ratio of 1: 4.2. The study has observed that linking up of the entire stakeholders through value addition throughout the value chain system would renew and uplift the diminishing sorghum area and production and its ultimate economical benefits to farmers and other stakeholders in the value chain.Agricultural and Food Policy,

Bis(μ-N-benzyl-N-furfuryldithio­carbamato)-1:2κ3 S,S′:S′;2:1κ3 S,S′:S′-bis­[(N-benzyl-N-furfuryldithio­carbamato-κ2 S,S′)cadmium]

In the centrosymmetric title compound, [Cd2(C13H12NOS2)4], pairs of dithio­carbamate ligands exhibit different structural functions. Each of the terminal ligands is bidentately coordinated to one CdII atom and forms a planar four-membered CS2Cd chelate ring, whereas pairs of the tridentate bridging ligands link two neighbouring CdII atoms, forming extended eight-membered C2S4Cd2 tricyclic units whose geometry can be approximated by a chair conformation. The coordination polyhedron of the CdII atoms is a distorted square-pyramid. The five-membered furan ring and the benzene ring are disordered over two sets of sites with an occupancy ratio of 0.62 (8):0.38 (8)

1-[(6-Chloro­pyridin-3-yl)meth­yl]­imidazolidin-2-one

In the title mol­ecule, C9H10ClN3O, the dihedral angle between the pyridine ring and imidazoline ring mean plane [maximum deviation = 0.031–(3) Å] is 76.2 (1)°. In the crystal, N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds link pairs of mol­ecules to form inversion dimers. In addition, weak C—H⋯N hydrogen bonds and π–π stacking inter­actions between pyridine rings [centroid–centroid distance = 3.977 (2) Å] are observed

Characterization of Degree of Eco-restoration by Tree-Grass Interaction in Degraded Lands of Semi-Arid Tropics

Land degradation majorly declines soil health. Eco-restoration through tree-grass interaction provides a perfect solution to restore degraded lands. The study was carried out at Jhansi district of India during 2010 to 2019 with three fodder trees viz namely, Ficus infectoria, Morus alba, and Acacia nilotica and a shrub Leucaena leucocephala (along with three grasses (Cenchrus ciliaris, Chrysopogon fulvus and Panicum maximum). The main objectives of these study were to a) assess the changes in soil organic carbon pools and responses of soil enzymes as impacted by different eco-restoration strategies involving trees and grasses; and b) develop an index to measure efficiency of eco-restoration strategies to aid the community.Grass and tree biomass yield were the highest for Panicum maximum and Ficus infectoria, respectively.After 9 years, land under Ficus, Morus, and Acacia had ~ 63, 105, and 87% greater total organic carbon and Cenchrus, Panicum, and Chrysopogon increased total organic carbon by 84, 91 and 77% at surface layers, respectively, over fallow land. Microbial biomass C increased by 2-2.5 folds in both soil layers after. There were positive correlation among all the C fractionsand eco-restoration efficiency. Carbon management index (CMI) enhanced by 51, 84, and 70% at surface layers under Ficus, Morus, and Acacia based systems, respectively over fallow land. Similarly, grasses also improved CMI by \u3e60%. Accumulation of soil organic carbon under Ficus, Morus, and Acacia were ~55, 91, and 77 % higher than fallow land at surface layers. By combining CMI and biological activity index, we developed eco-restoration efficiency index and found Morus + Panicum, Acaia + Panicum to be effective restoration strategies for eco-restoration under degraded lands of tropical climates. Our study indicated that implementation of these eco-restoration strategies could be a quantitatively important component of climate change mitigation strategies in India and should be continually paid a great attention

Ethyl 2-{3-[(6-chloro­pyridin-3-yl)meth­yl]-2-(nitro­imino)­imidazolidin-1-yl}acetate

In the title compound, C13H16ClN5O4, the imidazole ring is in a slight envelope conformation. The dihedral angle between the pyridine ring and the four essentially planar atoms [maximum deviation 0.015 (2) Å] of the imidazole ring is 80.8 (1)°. In, the crystal, weak C—H⋯O and C—H⋯N hydrogen bonds are present. In addition, there are weak π–π stacking inter­actions between symmetry-related pyridine rings with a centroid–centroid distance of 3.807 (1) Å

Bis(O-ethyl dithio­carbonato-κ2 S,S′)bis­(pyridine-3-carbonitrile-κN 1)nickel(II)

The Ni2+ ion in the title complex, [Ni(C3H5OS2)2(C6H4N2)2], is in a strongly distorted octa­hedral coordination environment formed by an N2S4 donor set, with the Ni2+ ion located on a centre of inversion. In the crystal, weak C—H⋯S and C—H⋯N inter­actions are observed

(7-Chloro-2-oxo-2H-chromen-4-yl)methyl piperidine-1-carbodithio­ate

In the title compound, C16H16ClNO2S2, the piperidine ring is in a chair conformation. In the coumarin ring system, the dihedral angle between the benzene and pyran rings is 3.5 (1)°. In the crystal, a weak C—H⋯O hydrogen bond links mol­ecules into chains along [001]. In addition, π–π stacking inter­actions are present involving the benzene and pyran rings, with a centroid-to-centroid distance of 3.712 (2) Å. The crystal studied is a nonmerohedral twin with refined components 0.221 (1) and 0.779 (1)