Severe Photo Toxicity Recalled by Docetaxel

Photo-recall phenomenon is a rarely recognized adverse event of chemotherapeutic agents. The physiopathology of this entity is unclear. We have reported a 56-year old breast cancer patient with severe photo toxicity recalled 5 months after the initial sunburn by one course of adjuvant docetaxel treatment. However, being given right diagnosis and proper managements the patient could be able to complete her adjuvant chemotherapy according to the planed time schedule, without any delay. Our case may be explained by the theory that long-lived memory T-cells may remember former skin damage and cross-react with cytotoxic drugs. In addition, we have proved that weekly paclitaxel can still be the drug of option after docetaxel recalled severe photo toxicity

Summary of the K8^+/- colonic phenotype.

<p>ND, not determined.</p><p>Summary of the K8^+/- colonic phenotype.</p

K8^+/- mice have increased crypt length.

<p>A. The K8^<b>+/-</b> baseline morphology was studied by H&E staining of the distal colon (DC) and proximal colon (PC) and the crypt lengths were measured (black arrows). B. Crypt lengths in PC and DC were measured from digital photographs of H&E stained colon sections (n = 3) taken with Zeiss Axiovert 200M microscope and processed using ImageJ software. The crypt lengths are expressed as mean length ± SD, calculated based on crypts from 3 animals / genotype.</p

K8^+/- mice have decreased levels of colonic keratins and K8 mRNA.

<p>A. Total lysates of colon from K8^<b>+/+</b>, K8^<b>+/-</b> and K8^<b>-/-</b> mice (n = 3) were analyzed for the amount of K8, K18, K19 and K20 using SDS-PAGE and western blotting. Equal amount of protein was loaded to each well and Hsc70 was used as loading control. B. Keratin protein expression was quantified using ImageJ software. C. RT-PCR was performed to measure keratin mRNA levels in total RNA isolated from colon scrapings. Target genes were amplified using specific primers and KAPA probe Fast ABI Prism qPCR mix. Gene expression levels were normalized to the housekeeping gene β-actin. * = P < 0.05. Results are given as means ± SEM.</p

Increased number of proliferating cells in K8^+/- but unaltered anoikis of colonic crypts.

<p>A. and B. Mice were injected with BrdU (Bromodeoxyuridine, 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine) i.p. 4 hours before sacrifice and proliferative cells were stained with anti-BrdU and quantified. Proliferating cells were significantly increased in both K8^<b>+/-</b> and K8^<b>-/-</b> mice DC (distal colon; A. b, c) and PC (proximal colon; A. e, f) compared to K8^<b>+/+</b> mice (A. a, d). Scale (a, d) = 50 μm. Brackets indicate the proliferative cell zone at the bottom of the crypt. B. The fraction of proliferative cells was quantified by counting the number of proliferative cells in relation to the total number of cells in the colonic crypts. Increased number of BrdU positive cells directly indicates the hyperproliferation in K8^<b>+/-</b> and K8^<b>-/-</b> colon. *** p<0.001. C. The level of apoptosis was assessed from K8^<b>+/-</b> and K8^<b>-/-</b> colon lysates by immunoblotting for cleaved caspase 7 (cCasp7) directly after excising from the mouse or after 1 hour of incubation at 37°C in cell culture medium. Hsc70 and caspase 7 (Casp7) were used as loading controls.</p