Analysis of instagram® posts referring to cleft lip

Background: Social media has become a source of medical information. Cleft lip and palate is a visible congenital anomaly. The aim of the study was to analyze Instagram® posts on the topic of cleft lip. Methods: Instagram® posts with “#cleftlip” from March 2014–March 2017 were accessed. Separate lists of expressions (hashtags, meaningful words, words with emojis or emojis alone) were prepared for primary posts and for replies. Thirty expressions statistically most frequent in primary versus secondary posts and 30 in secondary versus primary posts were identified (Group 1) as well as 30 English words or hashtags (Group 2), non-English words or hashtags (Group 3) and emojis (Group 4). The frequencies of expressions were compared (Z-test for the difference of two population proportions). Results: There were 34,129 posts, (5427 primary posts and 28,702 replies), containing 62,163 expressions, (35,004 in primary posts). The occurrence of all expressions was 454,162, (225,418 in primary posts and 228,744 in replies). Posts with positive expressions such as “beautiful”, “love”, “cute”, “great”, “awesome” occurred more often than these with negative ones. In replies all emojis were positive. Conclusions: Numerous Instagram® posts referring to cleft lip are published and do provoke discussion. People express their solidarity and sympathize with persons affected by cleft

Wpływ fluorku sodu na metabolizm tkanki kostnej i zmiany strukturalne w żuchwach szczurów poddanych owariektormii

Introduction and aim: The role of fluorides in caries prevention is widely known, however, due to a large number of factors affecting the metabolism of bone tissue (e.g. estrogens), the evaluation of the effect of these compounds on the masticatory system requires comprehensive studies. The aim of the study was to examine the effect of fluorides on the chosen biochemical markers of bone remodelling, on the bone mass and structural changes in the lower jaw (mandible) of castrated rats, after six-week exposure to sodium fluoride in different doses. Material and methods: The experiment was conducted on an animal model using female Wistar rats divided into four groups: a control group and three research groups (ovariectomized and exposed to fluoride compounds in different doses in the drinking water). In order to evaluate the effect of estrogens shortage induced by double-sided ovariectomy and to analyze the fluorides influence on bone metabolism and structural changes of the mandible, tests of bone tissue metabolism markers, bone mineral content in the mandible, height of a molar tooth, height of alveolar appendix and index of rats' alveolar appendices heights were performed. Results: Ovariectomy procedure led to the appearance of higher concentrations of bone tissue resorption markers and lower mineral weight of mandible, but did not exert a considerable impact on mineral weight index in animals receiving fluorides. There was no statistical difference in the heights of molar teeth between all experimental groups. Conclusion: Eestrogens shortage, due to ovariectomy, reduces mineral weight of lower jaw bones and mineral weight index, and the fluoride supply prevents the loss of minerals from an osseous tissue.Wstęp i cel pracy: Rola fluorków w profilaktyce próchnicy jest powszechnie znana, jednakże ze względu na dużą liczbę czynników wpływających na metabolizm tkanki kostnej (np. estrogeny), ocena wpływu tych związków na układ żucia wymaga kompleksowych badań. Celem tego badania było zbadanie wpływu fluorków na wybrane markery przebudowy kości, na masę kości i strukturalne zmiany w dolnej szczęce (żuchwie) kastrowanych szczurów po sześciotygodniowej ekspozycji na różne dawki fluorku sodu. Materiał i metody: Doświadczenie przeprowadzono na modelu zwierzęcym, w którym samice szczurów Wistar podzielono na cztery grupy: grupę kontrolną i trzy grupy badawcze (poddane owariektomii i eksponowane różne dawki związków fluoru podawanych w wodzie pitnej). Aby ocenić wpływ niedoboru estrogenów wywołanego obustronną owariektomią i aby przeanalizować wpływ fluorków na metabolizm kostny i zmiany strukturalne żuchwy, konieczne było przeprowadzenie badań markerów metabolizmu kostnego oraz zawartości związków mineralnych w kości żuchwy, a także dokonanie pomiarów wysokości zęba trzonowego, wysokości wyrostka zębodołowego i wskaźnika wysokości wyrostków zębodołowych u badanych szczurów. Wyniki: Na skutek przeprowadzonej owariektomii zaobserwowano wyższe stężenia markerów resorpcji tkanki kostnej oraz niższą masę mineralną kości szczęki dolnej. Zabieg ten jednak nie miał znaczącego wpływu na wskaźnik masy mineralnej u zwierząt otrzymujących fluorki. Nie stwierdzono statystycznej różnicy w wysokości zębów trzonowych pomiędzy grupami eksperymentalnymi. Wnioski: Niedobór estrogenów spowodowany wycięciem jajników prowadzi do obniżenia masy mineralnej kości żuchwy oraz wskaźnika masy mineralnej, a fluorki zapobiegają utracie minerałów z tkanki kostnej

Maternal and neonatal oral microbiome developmental patterns and correlated factors: a systematic review—does the apple fall close to the tree?

(1) Background: The purpose of the study was to comprehensively analyze the relationship between the mother’s oral microbiome, modes of delivery and feeding, and the formation of the newborn child’s oral microbiome. (2) Methods: This systematic review included a search through MEDLINE (PubMed) database (from 2010 to July 2020). Research was registered in PROSPERO under the number CRD42021241044. (3) Results: Of the 571 studies, 11 met the inclusion criteria. Included studies were classified according to (i) child’s delivery mode, (ii) maternal exposure to antibiotics and disinfectants, and (iii) feeding type. (4) Conclusions: The interpretation of these papers shows that the type of delivery, maternal exposure to disinfectants and antibiotics during delivery, maternal health classed as overweight, gestational diabetes mellitus, and feeding type are correlated to changes in the maternal and neonatal early oral microbiomes, based on the analysis provided in this systematic review. Because no evidence exists regarding the impact of maternal diet and maternal oral health on the establishment and development of the early oral newborn microbiome, more studies are needed to deepen the knowledge and understanding of the subject and develop preventive and therapeutic strategies of support to pregnant women

Childhood caries in the state of Kentucky, USA: a cross-sectional study

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Untreated dental caries afflicts almost one third of school-aged children in the United States and many of them are from disadvantaged families. This cross-sectional study was undertaken to investigate the prevalence of untreated caries in north central Kentucky, USA and to examine the relationships between the available demographic variables and untreated childhood caries as reported on the forms from the Smile Kentucky! program.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>During the fall of 2008, caries status was assessed during the visual oral screening examination component of “SmileKentucky!”– a model of the American Dental Association’s Give Kids A Smile program. Parents had completed brief surveys concerning 3,488 elementary school children aged 5 to 13 years who participated in the program. A secondary analysis was conducted using univariate, bivariate and multivariate statistical methods.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Untreated caries was reported in 33% of children. Bivariate and logistic regression analyses found that the most significant risk factors for having untreated caries were living in the metropolitan Louisville, Kentucky area, not having had a dental visit in the previous 3 years and not having any form of dental insurance.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Untreated caries in elementary school children is prevalent in north-central Kentucky despite efforts to improve access to care. The results suggest that additional family and community preventive initiatives are needed to reduce the development of childhood caries in this area of the United States.</p